# CNPG restore

Recovery is always into a **new** Cluster that bootstraps from the object store —
CNPG never restores in place. The source backups live in `s3://cnpg-<app>` under
`serverName: <app>` (see [cnpg-backups.md](cnpg-backups.md)). Do all of this in the
source cluster's namespace so the `cnpg-<app>-backup-s3` Secret and `vault-ca-cert`
are present.

## (a) Full restore into a new cluster

Recover the latest available state into a fresh cluster named `postgres-restore`.
The `externalClusters` entry points at the **existing** backup path; `serverName`
under `barmanObjectStore` (the new cluster's own archive target) MUST differ from the
source, or the restored cluster will overwrite the archive it just recovered from.

```yaml
apiVersion: postgresql.cnpg.io/v1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: postgres-restore
  namespace: <app>
spec:
  instances: 3
  imageName: ghcr.io/cloudnative-pg/postgresql:18.1-system-trixie  # match source
  storage:
    size: 20Gi
    storageClass: cephrbd-fast-delete
  bootstrap:
    recovery:
      source: source-archive          # references externalClusters below

  # New archive target — DIFFERENT serverName from the source (avoids collision).
  backup:
    retentionPolicy: 30d
    barmanObjectStore:
      destinationPath: s3://cnpg-<app>
      endpointURL: https://s3.ceph.unkin.net
      endpointCA: {name: vault-ca-cert, key: ca.crt}
      s3Credentials:
        accessKeyId: {name: cnpg-<app>-backup-s3, key: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
        secretAccessKey: {name: cnpg-<app>-backup-s3, key: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
      serverName: <app>-restored       # NOT "<app>"
      wal: {compression: zstd}
      data: {compression: bzip2}

  externalClusters:
    - name: source-archive
      barmanObjectStore:
        destinationPath: s3://cnpg-<app>
        endpointURL: https://s3.ceph.unkin.net
        endpointCA: {name: vault-ca-cert, key: ca.crt}
        s3Credentials:
          accessKeyId: {name: cnpg-<app>-backup-s3, key: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
          secretAccessKey: {name: cnpg-<app>-backup-s3, key: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
        serverName: <app>              # the SOURCE archive to read from
```

```bash
kubectl apply -f postgres-restore.yaml
kubectl -n <app> get cluster postgres-restore -w   # wait for Cluster in healthy state
```

## (b) Point-in-time recovery (PITR)

Same as above, but add `recoveryTarget` to stop replay at a timestamp. WAL is
replayed from the most recent base backup up to `targetTime`.

```yaml
  bootstrap:
    recovery:
      source: source-archive
      recoveryTarget:
        # RFC3339 with timezone. Also valid: targetLSN, targetXID, targetName.
        targetTime: "2026-07-26 14:30:00.000000+00"
```

```bash
# List backups to pick a base that precedes your target time
kubectl -n <app> get backups.postgresql.cnpg.io \
  -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,START:.status.startedAt,STOP:.status.stoppedAt
```

To recover from one **specific** base backup instead of the newest, point the
source at a `Backup` object:

```yaml
  externalClusters:
    - name: source-archive
      # ...barmanObjectStore as above...
  bootstrap:
    recovery:
      backup:
        name: <backup-object-name>
      recoveryTarget:
        targetTime: "2026-07-26 14:30:00+00"
```

## (c) Verify, then cut over

```bash
# 1. Sanity-check the recovered data before touching production.
kubectl cnpg psql postgres-restore -n <app> -- -c '\l'
kubectl cnpg psql postgres-restore -n <app> -d <db> -- \
  -c 'select max(id), count(*) from <sanity_table>;'

# 2. Confirm the restored cluster is archiving to its NEW serverName.
kubectl cnpg status postgres-restore -n <app>
```

Cutover = repoint the app at the new cluster. CNPG service names track the Cluster
name (`<cluster>-rw` / `-ro` / `-r`), so update whatever the app connects through —
the CNPG `Pooler` (`cnpg_pooler.yaml`) `cluster.name`, or the app's DB host env — to
`postgres-restore`, then retire the old cluster. There is no in-place rename; the new
name is the cluster's identity. If you truly need the old name back, restore again
with `metadata.name` set to the original (after deleting the old one).

## (d) Gotchas

- **serverName collision.** The new cluster's `spec.backup...serverName` must differ
  from the source's, or it re-uses the same path and corrupts/overwrites the source
  archive on its first WAL push. Use `<app>-restored` (or similar) as above.
- **Secrets must exist in the target namespace.** `cnpg-<app>-backup-s3` and
  `vault-ca-cert` are referenced by both `externalClusters` and `backup`. Restoring
  into a *different* namespace means recreating (or reflecting) those first — the
  `ObjectStoreUser`/`Bucket` CRs are namespace-scoped.
- **Match the image major.** Bootstrap-recovery replays WAL; use the same
  `imageName` Postgres major as the source (mismatched majors will refuse to start).
- **PITR base must precede the target.** `targetTime` has to fall after a completed
  base backup's start; otherwise there's nothing to replay onto.
- **`recoveryTarget` is one-shot.** It only applies during bootstrap. Once promoted,
  the cluster is a normal primary — you can't "re-PITR" it; start a new restore.