build: align Dockerfile with packer build and add docker-compose dev mounts

- Rebase Dockerfile onto almalinux9-base, install via uv tool install
- Remove dev artifacts (remotes.yaml, ca-bundle.pem) from image
- Mount gitignored dev files via docker-compose volumes instead
- Add .dockerignore to keep secrets out of build context
- Track docker-compose.yml in git (no secrets; dev files mounted as volumes)

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+.git/
+.venv/
+dist/
+tests/
+remotes.yaml
+ca-bundle.pem
+.env
+*.log
+docker-compose.yml
+.woodpecker/
+.tox/
+.ruff_cache/
+.pytest_cache/
+.pre-commit-cache/
+minio_data/