Fail GitHub scans on asset errors and drop sync state with its remote (#135)

A GitHub release scan that hit a transient asset error still saved the release-list ETag, so the failed asset was never retried. Assets that are corrupt, deleted or truncated upstream fail on every retry, so they must not keep the remote failed.

- fail the rpm/deb/alpine scan on transient asset fetch, short read or metadata insert errors, so the ETag is not saved and the backoff retry re-derives the asset
- add `provider.ErrInvalidPackage` for unparseable packages and 404/410/416 asset downloads; such assets are logged and skipped
- decide a ranged fetch holds the whole object from Content-Length or the Content-Range total, or a clean EOF when the total is unknown
- add a NOT VALID cascading FK from the GitHub sync-state tables to `remotes`

Reviewed-on: #135
Co-authored-by: unkin-agent <unkin-agent@unkin.net>
Co-committed-by: unkin-agent <unkin-agent@unkin.net>

.dockerignore

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-.git/
-.venv/
-dist/
-tests/
-remotes.yaml
-ca-bundle.pem
-.env
-*.log
-docker-compose.yml
-.woodpecker/
-.tox/
-.ruff_cache/
-.pytest_cache/
-.pre-commit-cache/
-minio_data/

.gitignore

@@ -1,61 +1,6 @@
-# Python
-__pycache__/
-*.py[cod]
-*$py.class
-*.so
-.Python
-build/
-develop-eggs/
-dist/
-downloads/
-eggs/
-.eggs/
-lib/
-lib64/
-parts/
-sdist/
-var/
-wheels/
-*.egg-info/
-.installed.cfg
-*.egg
-MANIFEST
+bin/
+/terraform/
 
-# Virtual environment
-.venv/
-venv/
-ENV/
-env/
-
-# IDE
-.vscode/
-.idea/
-*.swp
-*.swo
-
-# Environment variables
-.env
-
-# Logs
-*.log
-
-# uv
-uv.lock
-
-# tox
-.tox/
-
-# pytest
-.pytest_cache/
-
-# pre-commit
-.pre-commit-cache/
-
-# ruff
-.ruff_cache/
-
-# Docker volumes
-minio_data/
-
-# Local configuration overrides
-ca-bundle.pem
+# e2e-docker fixtures are real package files (.rpm, .tgz, .whl, .zip, ...) that
+# are intentionally tracked, overriding any global ignore of those extensions.
+!e2e-docker/fixtures/**

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,24 @@
 repos:
-  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.15.12
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v5.0.0
     hooks:
-      - id: ruff
-        args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
-      - id: ruff-format
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+      - id: check-yaml
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/dnephin/pre-commit-golang
+    rev: v0.5.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: go-fmt
+      - id: go-mod-tidy
+
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: go-vet
+        name: go vet
+        entry: go vet ./...
+        language: system
+        types: [go]
+        pass_filenames: false

.woodpecker/docker.yaml

@@ -3,16 +3,46 @@ when:
     ref: refs/tags/v*
 
 steps:
-  - name: docker
-    image: woodpeckerci/plugin-docker-buildx
+  - name: docker-api
+    image: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/plugin-docker-buildx:latest
     settings:
-      registry: git.unkin.net
-      repo: git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi
-      username: droneci
-      password:
-        from_secret: DRONECI_PASSWORD
+      registry: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net
+      repo: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/artifactapi
+      build_args:
+        VERSION: ${CI_COMMIT_TAG}
       tags:
         - ${CI_COMMIT_TAG}
         - latest
+    backend_options:
+      kubernetes:
+        serviceAccountName: default
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: 1Gi
+            cpu: 1
+          limits:
+            memory: 4Gi
+            cpu: 2
+
+  - name: docker-web
+    image: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/plugin-docker-buildx:latest
+    settings:
+      registry: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net
+      repo: artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/artifactapi-ui
+      dockerfile: ui/Dockerfile.ui
+      context: ui
       build_args:
-        - VERSION=${CI_COMMIT_TAG##v}
+        BASE_PATH: /ui
+      tags:
+        - ${CI_COMMIT_TAG}
+        - latest
+    backend_options:
+      kubernetes:
+        serviceAccountName: default
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: 1Gi
+            cpu: 1
+          limits:
+            memory: 4Gi
+            cpu: 2

.woodpecker/pre-commit.yaml

@@ -3,7 +3,32 @@ when:
 
 steps:
   - name: pre-commit
-    image: git.unkin.net/unkin/almalinux9-base:20260308
+    # gobuilder trusts the internal CA, which the S3 build cache endpoint needs.
+    # go-cache-plugin is baked into the image; S3 errors degrade to cache misses.
+    image: "artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/gobuilder:0.1.2-alma9"
     commands:
       - uvx pre-commit run --all-files
-
+    environment:
+      # golib lives on Gitea; skip the public proxy/sum db.
+      GOPRIVATE: git.unkin.net
+      GOCACHEPROG: "go-cache-plugin --cache-dir=/tmp/gocache"
+      GOCACHE_S3_BUCKET: gocache
+      # Explicit region skips a GetBucketLocation probe RGW handles poorly.
+      GOCACHE_S3_REGION: us-east-1
+      GOCACHE_S3_ENDPOINT_URL: "https://s3.ceph.unkin.net"
+      GOCACHE_S3_PATH_STYLE: "true"
+      GOCACHE_KEY_PREFIX: ci-artifactapi
+      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
+        from_secret: GOCACHE_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
+        from_secret: GOCACHE_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+    backend_options:
+      kubernetes:
+        serviceAccountName: default
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: 512Mi
+            cpu: 1
+          limits:
+            memory: 2Gi
+            cpu: 2

.woodpecker/test.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,32 @@ when:
 
 steps:
   - name: test
-    image: git.unkin.net/unkin/almalinux9-base:20260308
+    # gobuilder trusts the internal CA, which the S3 build cache endpoint needs.
+    # go-cache-plugin is baked into the image; S3 errors degrade to cache misses.
+    image: "artifactapi.k8s.syd1.au.unkin.net/docker-internal/gobuilder:0.1.2-alma9"
     commands:
-      - uvx --python 3.11 --with tox-uv tox
+      - go test -race -count=1 ./pkg/... ./internal/...
+    environment:
+      # golib lives on Gitea; skip the public proxy/sum db.
+      GOPRIVATE: git.unkin.net
+      GOCACHEPROG: "go-cache-plugin --cache-dir=/tmp/gocache"
+      GOCACHE_S3_BUCKET: gocache
+      # Explicit region skips a GetBucketLocation probe RGW handles poorly.
+      GOCACHE_S3_REGION: us-east-1
+      GOCACHE_S3_ENDPOINT_URL: "https://s3.ceph.unkin.net"
+      GOCACHE_S3_PATH_STYLE: "true"
+      GOCACHE_KEY_PREFIX: ci-artifactapi
+      AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
+        from_secret: GOCACHE_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
+      AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
+        from_secret: GOCACHE_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
+    backend_options:
+      kubernetes:
+        serviceAccountName: default
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: 1Gi
+            cpu: 1
+          limits:
+            memory: 4Gi
+            cpu: 2

Dockerfile

@@ -1,23 +1,25 @@
-FROM git.unkin.net/unkin/almalinux9-base:latest
+FROM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
 
-ARG VERSION=0.0.0.dev0
+RUN apk add --no-cache git
 
-COPY . /build
+WORKDIR /build
 
-RUN HATCH_VCS_PRETEND_VERSION=${VERSION} \
-    SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION=${VERSION} \
-    uv build --wheel --directory /build && \
-    useradd -m -r -s /bin/sh appuser
+# golib is fetched straight from Gitea; the public proxy and sum db have no
+# view of git.unkin.net modules.
+ENV GOPRIVATE=git.unkin.net
 
-USER appuser
-RUN uv tool install --from /build/dist/*.whl artifactapi
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
 
-USER root
-RUN rm -rf /build
+COPY . .
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -ldflags="-s -w -X main.version=${VERSION}" -o artifactapi ./cmd/artifactapi
+
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12:nonroot
+
+COPY --from=builder /build/artifactapi /usr/local/bin/artifactapi
 
 EXPOSE 8000
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=5s --retries=3 CMD curl -f http://localhost:8000/health || exit 1
-USER appuser
-ENV PATH="/home/appuser/.local/bin:$PATH"
-WORKDIR /app
-CMD ["artifactapi"]
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["artifactapi"]

Makefile

@@ -1,59 +1,59 @@
-.PHONY: build install dev clean test lint format pre-commit tox docker-build docker-up docker-down docker-logs docker-rebuild docker-clean docker-restart
+.PHONY: build test lint fmt e2e docker-e2e docker docker-ui compose clean tidy check-go
 
-build:
-	docker build -t artifactapi:dev .
+BINARY := bin/artifactapi
+MODULE := git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi
+VERSION ?= $(shell git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || echo "0.0.0-dev")
+GO_VERSION_REQUIRED := 1.23
+GO_VERSION_ACTUAL := $(shell go version | sed 's/go version go\([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\).*/\1/')
 
-install: build
+# git.unkin.net modules (golib) are fetched straight from Gitea, never via the
+# public proxy or sum db, which have no view of them. Exported here rather than
+# written with `go env -w`, so a fresh checkout needs no machine-local setup.
+export GOPRIVATE := git.unkin.net
 
-docker-build: build
+check-go:
+	@if [ "$$(printf '%s\n%s' "$(GO_VERSION_REQUIRED)" "$(GO_VERSION_ACTUAL)" | sort -V | head -1)" != "$(GO_VERSION_REQUIRED)" ]; then \
+		echo "ERROR: Go >= $(GO_VERSION_REQUIRED) required, found $(GO_VERSION_ACTUAL)"; exit 1; \
+	fi
 
-dev: build
-	uv sync --dev
+build: check-go tidy
+	go build -ldflags="-s -w -X main.version=$(VERSION)" -o $(BINARY) ./cmd/artifactapi
+
+test: check-go
+	go test -race -count=1 ./pkg/... ./internal/...
+
+lint: check-go
+	golangci-lint run ./...
+	go vet ./...
+
+fmt: check-go
+	gofmt -w .
+	goimports -w .
+
+e2e: check-go
+	TESTCONTAINERS_RYUK_DISABLED=true go test -tags=e2e -race -count=1 -timeout=5m ./e2e/...
+
+# Build the container, bring up the full docker-compose stack + a mock upstream,
+# and run the black-box suite against the running product.
+docker-e2e: check-go
+	./scripts/docker-e2e.sh
+
+docker:
+	docker build -t artifactapi:$(VERSION) .
+
+docker-ui:
+	docker build -t artifactapi-ui:$(VERSION) -f ui/Dockerfile.ui ui/
+
+compose:
+	docker compose up -d
 
 clean:
-	rm -rf .venv
-	rm -rf build/
-	rm -rf dist/
-	rm -rf *.egg-info/
+	rm -rf bin/
 
-test:
-	uvx --python 3.11 --with tox-uv tox
-
-tox:
-	uvx --python 3.11 --with tox-uv tox
-
-pre-commit:
-	uvx --python 3.11 pre-commit run --all-files
-
-lint:
-	uv run ruff check --fix .
-
-format:
-	uv run ruff format .
-
-run:
-	uv run python -m src.artifactapi.main
-
-docker-up:
-	docker-compose up --build --force-recreate -d
-
-docker-down:
-	docker-compose down
-
-docker-logs:
-	docker-compose logs -f
-
-docker-rebuild:
-	docker-compose build --no-cache
-
-docker-clean:
-	docker-compose down -v --remove-orphans
-	docker system prune -f
-
-docker-restart: docker-down docker-up
+tidy:
+	go mod tidy
 
 # Bump helpers — reads the latest semver tag and creates the next one.
-# If no tag exists yet, starts from v0.0.0.
 _LATEST := $(shell git tag --sort=-v:refname | grep -E '^v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$$' | head -1)
 _BASE   := $(if $(_LATEST),$(_LATEST),v0.0.0)
 _MAJ    := $(shell echo $(_BASE) | sed 's/^v//' | cut -d. -f1)

PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+# ArtifactAPI v3 — Go Rewrite Plan
+
+## Context
+
+ArtifactAPI is a production artifact proxy/cache serving ~42 remotes (Docker registries, Helm repos, RPM/Alpine repos, GitHub releases, PyPI, npm, Puppet Forge, Terraform registries, Go module proxies) across a Kubernetes cluster. The current Python (FastAPI) implementation works but has architectural debt: opaque hashed S3 paths, no UI for visibility, YAML config files that drift, no garbage collection, no access logging, and virtual repos limited to Helm only.
+
+The v3 rewrite targets: a single Go binary (API + TUI), a separate React frontend (own Dockerfile), a Terraform provider (separate repo), content-addressable storage, and a cleaner data model that makes the cache inspectable and manageable.
+
+**Repo**: Same repo (`git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi`), new branch.
+**Module**: `git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi`
+**Frontend**: React + Vite, separate Dockerfile, talks to API
+**Terraform provider**: Separate repo (`terraform-provider-artifactapi`)
+
+---
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+```
+┌───────────────────────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────────┐
+│        Go Binary (API + TUI)      │    │   Frontend Container │
+│                                   │    │                      │
+│  ┌──────────┐  ┌───────────────┐  │    │  React + Vite SPA    │
+│  │ REST API │  │ Proxy Engine  │  │◄───│  nginx / node serve  │
+│  │ /api/v2  │  │ /api/v1/...   │  │    │  Dockerfile.ui       │
+│  │          │  │ /v2/... (OCI) │  │    └──────────────────────┘
+│  └────┬─────┘  └──────┬────────┘  │
+│       │               │           │    ┌──────────────────────┐
+│  ┌────┴───────────────┴────────┐  │    │ Terraform Provider   │
+│  │        Data Layer           │  │◄───│ (separate repo)      │
+│  │  PostgreSQL · Redis · S3    │  │    └──────────────────────┘
+│  └─────────────────────────────┘  │
+│                                   │    ┌──────────────────────┐
+│  ┌─────────────────────────────┐  │    │ TUI (subcommand)     │
+│  │  artifactapi tui            │──│───►│ artifactapi tui      │
+│  └─────────────────────────────┘  │    │ --endpoint <url>     │
+└───────────────────────────────────┘    └──────────────────────┘
+```
+
+Three independent deployment units:
+1. **Go binary** — API server + TUI subcommand (single `Dockerfile`)
+2. **React frontend** — SPA served by nginx (`Dockerfile.ui`), talks to `/api/v2`
+3. **Terraform provider** — separate repo, calls `/api/v2` CRUD
+
+---
+
+## Project Structure (Modular)
+
+```
+artifactapi/
+├── cmd/
+│   └── artifactapi/
+│       └── main.go                     # entrypoint: serve / tui subcommands
+│
+├── pkg/                                # PUBLIC — importable by terraform provider, CLI tools
+│   ├── models/                         # shared domain types
+│   │   ├── remote.go                   # Remote, RemoteConfig, PackageType enum
+│   │   ├── virtual.go                  # Virtual, VirtualConfig
+│   │   ├── artifact.go                 # Artifact, Blob, AccessLogEntry
+│   │   ├── local.go                    # LocalFile, LocalRepo
+│   │   └── stats.go                    # RemoteStats, OverviewStats
+│   └── client/                         # typed Go API client (used by TUI + Terraform provider)
+│       ├── client.go                   # Client struct, base HTTP
+│       ├── remotes.go                  # remote CRUD methods
+│       ├── virtuals.go                 # virtual CRUD methods
+│       ├── objects.go                  # object browse/evict methods
+│       └── stats.go                    # stats methods
+│
+├── internal/                           # PRIVATE — server internals
+│   ├── server/
+│   │   ├── server.go                   # HTTP server setup, router
+│   │   └── middleware.go               # logging, recovery, request-id, access logging
+│   │
+│   ├── api/
+│   │   ├── v1/                         # proxy endpoints (v1 compat)
+│   │   │   ├── proxy.go               # GET /api/v1/remote/{name}/{path}
+│   │   │   ├── docker.go              # /v2/{name}/{path}
+│   │   │   ├── virtual.go             # GET /api/v1/virtual/{name}/{path}
+│   │   │   └── local.go               # CRUD /api/v1/local/{name}/{path}
+│   │   └── v2/                         # management API
+│   │       ├── remotes.go             # CRUD + stats
+│   │       ├── virtuals.go            # CRUD
+│   │       ├── objects.go             # browse/evict cached objects
+│   │       ├── stats.go               # overview, top-remotes
+│   │       ├── events.go              # SSE stream
+│   │       └── health.go              # health, metrics
+│   │
+│   ├── provider/                       # package-type providers (registry protocol handlers)
+│   │   ├── provider.go                # Provider interface + registry
+│   │   ├── generic/
+│   │   │   ├── generic.go
+│   │   │   └── generic_test.go
+│   │   ├── docker/
+│   │   │   ├── docker.go              # OCI Distribution v2 via go-containerregistry
+│   │   │   ├── auth.go                # Bearer token fetch + cache
+│   │   │   └── docker_test.go
+│   │   ├── helm/
+│   │   │   ├── helm.go                # index rewriting via helm.sh/helm/v3/pkg/repo
+│   │   │   ├── merger.go              # virtual index merge
+│   │   │   └── helm_test.go
+│   │   ├── pypi/
+│   │   │   ├── pypi.go                # simple index HTML rewriting
+│   │   │   ├── merger.go              # virtual simple index merge
+│   │   │   └── pypi_test.go
+│   │   ├── npm/
+│   │   │   ├── npm.go                 # metadata JSON rewriting
+│   │   │   └── npm_test.go
+│   │   ├── rpm/
+│   │   │   ├── rpm.go                 # repodata patterns
+│   │   │   └── rpm_test.go
+│   │   ├── alpine/
+│   │   │   ├── alpine.go              # APKINDEX patterns
+│   │   │   └── alpine_test.go
+│   │   ├── puppet/
+│   │   │   ├── puppet.go              # file_uri JSON rewriting
+│   │   │   └── puppet_test.go
+│   │   ├── terraform/
+│   │   │   ├── terraform.go           # registry protocol, download URL rewriting
+│   │   │   └── terraform_test.go
+│   │   └── goproxy/
+│   │       ├── goproxy.go             # Go module proxy protocol (GOPROXY)
+│   │       └── goproxy_test.go
+│   │
+│   ├── proxy/
+│   │   ├── engine.go                  # core fetch-or-cache logic
+│   │   ├── engine_test.go
+│   │   ├── classifier.go              # immutable vs mutable classification
+│   │   ├── classifier_test.go
+│   │   ├── revalidator.go             # conditional HEAD requests (ETag/Last-Modified)
+│   │   └── circuit.go                 # per-remote circuit breaker
+│   │
+│   ├── storage/
+│   │   ├── s3.go                      # S3 client (minio-go — works with MinIO, Ceph, AWS)
+│   │   ├── s3_test.go
+│   │   ├── cas.go                     # content-addressable store logic
+│   │   └── cas_test.go
+│   │
+│   ├── cache/
+│   │   ├── redis.go                   # TTL management, fetch locks
+│   │   ├── redis_test.go
+│   │   └── lock.go                    # distributed lock abstraction
+│   │
+│   ├── database/
+│   │   ├── postgres.go                # connection pool, migration runner
+│   │   ├── queries/                   # SQL query files or sqlc-generated code
+│   │   │   ├── remotes.sql.go
+│   │   │   ├── virtuals.sql.go
+│   │   │   ├── artifacts.sql.go
+│   │   │   └── access_log.sql.go
+│   │   └── migrations/               # golang-migrate SQL files
+│   │       ├── 001_initial.up.sql
+│   │       └── 001_initial.down.sql
+│   │
+│   ├── metrics/
+│   │   └── prometheus.go             # counters, gauges, histograms
+│   │
+│   ├── gc/
+│   │   ├── gc.go                      # background garbage collection goroutine
+│   │   └── gc_test.go
+│   │
+│   ├── tui/
+│   │   ├── app.go                     # Bubble Tea main model
+│   │   ├── views/
+│   │   │   ├── dashboard.go
+│   │   │   ├── remotes.go
+│   │   │   ├── objects.go
+│   │   │   └── virtuals.go
+│   │   └── components/
+│   │       ├── table.go
+│   │       └── statusbar.go
+│   │
+│   └── config/
+│       └── env.go                     # environment variable parsing + validation
+│
+├── ui/                                 # React frontend — SEPARATE DOCKERFILE
+│   ├── src/
+│   │   ├── App.tsx
+│   │   ├── pages/
+│   │   │   ├── Dashboard.tsx
+│   │   │   ├── Remotes.tsx
+│   │   │   ├── RemoteDetail.tsx
+│   │   │   ├── Virtuals.tsx
+│   │   │   └── Objects.tsx
+│   │   ├── components/
+│   │   │   ├── RemoteTable.tsx
+│   │   │   ├── ObjectBrowser.tsx
+│   │   │   ├── StatsCard.tsx
+│   │   │   └── EventFeed.tsx
+│   │   └── api/
+│   │       └── client.ts              # typed API client
+│   ├── package.json
+│   ├── vite.config.ts
+│   ├── tsconfig.json
+│   ├── Dockerfile.ui                  # multi-stage: node build → nginx
+│   └── nginx.conf                     # proxy /api/* to backend, serve SPA
+│
+├── e2e/                                # end-to-end integration tests
+│   ├── e2e_test.go                    # TestMain spins up docker-compose stack
+│   ├── proxy_test.go                  # proxy through real remotes
+│   ├── docker_test.go                 # Docker v2 protocol e2e
+│   ├── management_test.go            # v2 API CRUD
+│   ├── virtual_test.go               # virtual repo merge e2e
+│   └── docker-compose.e2e.yml        # postgres + redis + minio for tests
+│
+├── go.mod
+├── go.sum
+├── Makefile
+├── Dockerfile                          # Go binary (API server + TUI)
+├── Dockerfile.ui                       # symlink or copy → ui/Dockerfile.ui
+└── docker-compose.yml
+```
+
+### Key Modularisation Decisions
+
+- **`pkg/models/`** — Shared domain types importable by the Terraform provider and any external tooling. No dependencies on internal packages
+- **`pkg/client/`** — Typed Go API client used by both the TUI and the Terraform provider. Depends only on `pkg/models/` and stdlib
+- **`internal/provider/`** — Each package type is its own subpackage with isolated tests. A provider registry maps `PackageType → Provider`
+- **`internal/database/queries/`** — Use [sqlc](https://sqlc.dev/) to generate type-safe query functions from SQL, or hand-written query files
+- **`e2e/`** — Separate test binary that spins up a real docker-compose stack
+
+---
+
+## Go Ecosystem Libraries
+
+Prefer existing, maintained Go modules over writing protocol handlers from scratch.
+
+### Package-Type Libraries
+
+| Package Type | Go Module | What It Gives Us |
+|---|---|---|
+| **Docker/OCI** | `github.com/google/go-containerregistry` | Full Registry v2/OCI client: manifest parsing, auth challenges, blob operations. `pkg/registry` can implement a v2 server. Reference: `github.com/regclient/regclient` |
+| **Helm** | `helm.sh/helm/v3/pkg/repo` | Parse/generate `index.yaml`, `IndexFile`/`ChartVersion` types, URL entries. Used directly for merge |
+| **Terraform** | `github.com/hashicorp/terraform-registry-address` | Provider/module address parsing, `ForRegistryProtocol()` URL generation. Protocol spec: provider registry protocol v1 |
+| **Go Modules** | `github.com/goproxy/goproxy` | Minimalist GOPROXY protocol handler, implements full spec as `http.Handler`. Handles `/@v/list`, `/@v/{v}.info`, `/@v/{v}.mod`, `/@v/{v}.zip`, `/@latest` |
+| **RPM** | `rs3.io/go/rpm/repomd` | Parse `repomd.xml`, `primary.xml` with proper XML namespace handling |
+| **Alpine** | `gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/go` | Official Alpine library: parse APKINDEX, `.apk` files |
+| **PyPI** | stdlib `golang.org/x/net/html` | No dedicated Go PyPI library exists. Parse simple index HTML with `x/net/html`, extract `<a>` tags. Minimal — the rewriting is just href replacement |
+| **npm** | stdlib `encoding/json` | npm metadata is JSON — parse with stdlib, rewrite `dist.tarball` URLs. No special library needed |
+| **Puppet Forge** | stdlib `encoding/json` | Forge API is JSON — parse and rewrite `file_uri` fields. Community lib `github.com/johnmccabe/go-puppetforge` exists but is thin; stdlib suffices |
+
+### Infrastructure Libraries
+
+| Purpose | Go Module | Why This One |
+|---|---|---|
+| **HTTP router** | `github.com/go-chi/chi/v5` | Lightweight, stdlib `http.Handler` compatible, middleware chain |
+| **PostgreSQL** | `github.com/jackc/pgx/v5` | Pure Go, connection pooling, COPY support, prepared statements |
+| **SQL generation** | `github.com/sqlc-dev/sqlc` | Generate type-safe Go from SQL queries — no ORM, no reflection |
+| **Redis** | `github.com/redis/go-redis/v9` | Full Redis client, pipelining, pub/sub |
+| **S3 (MinIO/Ceph/AWS)** | `github.com/minio/minio-go/v7` | Native S3-compatible client. Works with MinIO, Ceph RGW, AWS S3, any S3-compatible backend out of the box. Lighter than aws-sdk-go-v2, purpose-built for S3 compat |
+| **DB migrations** | `github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4` | SQL file-based migrations, CLI + library |
+| **Prometheus** | `github.com/prometheus/client_golang` | Counters, gauges, histograms |
+| **TUI** | `github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea` | Elm-architecture TUI framework |
+| **TUI styling** | `github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss` | Terminal styling |
+| **TUI components** | `github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles` | Table, text input, spinner, etc. |
+| **Structured logging** | `log/slog` (stdlib) | Go 1.21+ structured logging, zero dependencies |
+| **Testing** | `github.com/stretchr/testify` | Assertions + require for unit tests |
+| **Test containers** | `github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go` | Spin up Postgres/Redis/MinIO in e2e tests |
+
+### S3 Client: Multi-Backend Support
+
+Using `minio-go/v7` as the S3 client because it natively supports:
+- **MinIO** — primary development/production target
+- **Ceph RGW** — S3-compatible via endpoint config
+- **AWS S3** — via region + credential config
+- **Any S3-compatible** — GCS (interop mode), Wasabi, DigitalOcean Spaces, etc.
+
+No abstraction layer needed — `minio-go` handles endpoint differences internally. Config:
+```go
+client, _ := minio.New(endpoint, &minio.Options{
+    Creds:  credentials.NewStaticV4(accessKey, secretKey, ""),
+    Secure: useTLS,
+    Region: region, // optional, for AWS
+})
+```
+
+---
+
+## Data Layer
+
+### PostgreSQL Schema
+
+```sql
+-- Remotes: managed exclusively by Terraform
+CREATE TABLE remotes (
+    name            TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    package_type    TEXT NOT NULL,  -- generic, docker, helm, pypi, npm, rpm, alpine, puppet, terraform, goproxy
+    base_url        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    description     TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    username        TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    password        TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    immutable_ttl   INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+    mutable_ttl     INTEGER DEFAULT 3600,
+    check_mutable   BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,
+    immutable_patterns  TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',  -- user-defined immutable patterns
+    mutable_patterns    TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',  -- user-defined mutable patterns (merged with provider built-ins)
+    allowlist        TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',     -- if empty, allow all paths; if non-empty, only matching paths proxied
+    blocklist        TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',     -- always denied, checked before allowlist
+    ban_tags_enabled    BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
+    ban_tags            TEXT[] DEFAULT '{}',
+    quarantine_enabled  BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
+    quarantine_days     INTEGER DEFAULT 3,
+    stale_on_error      BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,
+    releases_remote     TEXT DEFAULT '',  -- terraform type: name of CDN remote for download URL rewriting
+    managed_by          TEXT DEFAULT '',  -- 'terraform' or empty
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Virtual repositories
+CREATE TABLE virtuals (
+    name            TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    package_type    TEXT NOT NULL,
+    description     TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    members         TEXT[] NOT NULL,
+    managed_by      TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Content-addressable blob storage tracking
+CREATE TABLE blobs (
+    content_hash    TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+    s3_key          TEXT NOT NULL,
+    size_bytes      BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    content_type    TEXT DEFAULT 'application/octet-stream',
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+-- Artifact metadata: maps (remote, path) → content blob
+CREATE TABLE artifacts (
+    id              BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    remote_name     TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES remotes(name) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    path            TEXT NOT NULL,
+    content_hash    TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES blobs(content_hash),
+    upstream_etag   TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    upstream_last_modified TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    first_seen_at   TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    last_fetched_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    last_accessed_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    fetch_count     BIGINT DEFAULT 1,
+    access_count    BIGINT DEFAULT 1,
+    UNIQUE(remote_name, path)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_artifacts_remote ON artifacts(remote_name);
+CREATE INDEX idx_artifacts_last_accessed ON artifacts(last_accessed_at);
+
+-- Local file uploads
+CREATE TABLE local_files (
+    id              BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    repo_name       TEXT NOT NULL,
+    file_path       TEXT NOT NULL,
+    content_hash    TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES blobs(content_hash),
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    UNIQUE(repo_name, file_path)
+);
+
+-- Access log (append-only, powers dashboards)
+CREATE TABLE access_log (
+    id              BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    remote_name     TEXT NOT NULL,
+    path            TEXT NOT NULL,
+    cache_hit       BOOLEAN NOT NULL,
+    size_bytes      BIGINT DEFAULT 0,
+    upstream_ms     INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+    client_ip       TEXT DEFAULT '',
+    created_at      TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX idx_access_log_remote_time ON access_log(remote_name, created_at);
+```
+
+### Redis Usage (Ephemeral Only)
+
+| Key pattern | Type | TTL | Purpose |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `ttl:{remote}:{path}` | STRING | remote's immutable/mutable TTL | Artifact freshness — existence = still fresh |
+| `lock:{remote}:{path}` | STRING (NX) | 30s | Fetch lock — prevents thundering herd |
+| `etag:{remote}:{path}` | STRING | same as TTL key | Cached ETag for conditional revalidation |
+| `circuit:{remote}` | STRING | configurable | Circuit breaker — consecutive failure count |
+
+Losing Redis = all TTLs expire = next request re-validates upstream. No data loss.
+
+### S3 Layout (Content-Addressable)
+
+```
+artifacts-bucket/
+├── blobs/sha256/{content_hash}     # immutable CAS blobs
+├── indexes/{remote}/{path}          # mutable index files (helm, pypi, rpm, etc.)
+├── indexes/{virtual}/{path}         # merged virtual indexes
+└── local/{repo}/{path}              # user uploads (CAS-backed via blobs table)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Terraform Remote Type (New in v2)
+
+The `terraform` package type proxies the Terraform Provider Registry Protocol:
+
+- **URL construction**: prepends `/v1/providers/` to request paths
+- **Built-in mutable pattern**: `[^/]+/[^/]+/versions$` (version listings change over time)
+- **Built-in immutable pattern**: `[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/download/[^/]+/[^/]+$` (per-version download info is fixed)
+- **Response rewriting**: download info JSON — rewrites `download_url`, `shasums_url`, `shasums_signature_url` to route through a companion `releases_remote` (e.g., `hashicorp-releases` generic remote)
+- **Config**: requires `releases_remote` field pointing to the CDN remote that serves the actual binaries
+
+Uses `github.com/hashicorp/terraform-registry-address` for address parsing and protocol-compliant URL generation.
+
+---
+
+## Go Module Proxy Remote Type (New)
+
+The `goproxy` package type implements the GOPROXY protocol (Go module proxy):
+
+| Endpoint | Mutability | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `{module}/@v/list` | Mutable | Plain text list of known versions |
+| `{module}/@latest` | Mutable | JSON metadata for latest version |
+| `{module}/@v/{version}.info` | Immutable | JSON version metadata (`Version`, `Time`) |
+| `{module}/@v/{version}.mod` | Immutable | `go.mod` file for that version |
+| `{module}/@v/{version}.zip` | Immutable | Source archive for that version |
+
+- **No URL rewriting needed** — responses are self-contained (no embedded URLs)
+- **Config**: `base_url` points to upstream proxy (e.g., `https://proxy.golang.org`)
+- **Client usage**: set `GOPROXY=https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/remote/goproxy`
+- Uses `github.com/goproxy/goproxy` for protocol handling
+
+---
+
+## Allowlist / Blocklist / Automatic Mutable Patterns
+
+### Access Control (Per-Remote)
+
+| Field | Default | Behavior |
+|---|---|---|
+| `blocklist` | `[]` (empty) | If a path matches any blocklist pattern → **403 Forbidden**. Checked first |
+| `allowlist` | `[]` (empty) | If empty → **allow everything**. If non-empty → only matching paths are proxied; everything else → **403** |
+
+Evaluation order: blocklist → allowlist → proxy. No allowlist + no blocklist = open proxy (default).
+
+### Automatic Mutable Patterns (Per-Provider Built-ins)
+
+Each provider declares built-in mutable patterns that are **always merged** with user-defined `mutable_patterns`. Users never need to configure these — the provider knows which paths change over time.
+
+| Provider | Built-in Mutable Patterns | Rationale |
+|---|---|---|
+| **generic** | *(none)* | No convention for what's mutable |
+| **docker** | `/manifests/(?!sha256:)[^/]+$`, `/tags/list$` | Tag manifests change; digest manifests don't |
+| **helm** | `index\.yaml$` | Chart index changes when new charts are published |
+| **pypi** | `simple/` | Package index pages change with new releases |
+| **npm** | `^[^/]+$` (package metadata, not `.tgz`) | Package metadata changes; tarballs are immutable |
+| **rpm** | `repomd\.xml$`, `repodata/.*`, `Packages\.gz$` | Repo metadata rebuilt on every publish |
+| **alpine** | `APKINDEX\.tar\.gz$` | Package index rebuilt on every publish |
+| **puppet** | `^v3/modules/`, `^v3/releases` | Module metadata changes with new releases |
+| **terraform** | `[^/]+/[^/]+/versions$` | Provider version listings grow over time |
+| **goproxy** | `@v/list$`, `@latest$` | Version list and latest pointer change |
+
+These are returned by `Provider.BuiltinMutablePatterns()` and merged at classification time:
+```
+effective_mutable = provider.BuiltinMutablePatterns() ∪ remote.mutable_patterns
+```
+
+If a path matches `effective_mutable` → use `mutable_ttl`. If it matches `remote.immutable_patterns` → use `immutable_ttl`. Immutable patterns take precedence over mutable when both match.
+
+---
+
+## API Design
+
+### v1 Proxy Endpoints (Backwards Compatible)
+
+| Method | Path | Description |
+|---|---|---|
+| `GET` | `/api/v1/remote/{name}/{path}` | Proxy/cache artifact |
+| `GET` | `/api/v1/virtual/{name}/{path}` | Virtual repo proxy |
+| `GET/HEAD` | `/v2/{name}/{path}` | Docker Registry v2 |
+| `GET` | `/v2/` | Docker v2 ping |
+| `GET/PUT/HEAD/DELETE` | `/api/v1/local/{name}/{path}` | Local repo CRUD |
+
+### v2 Management API (New)
+
+```
+GET    /api/v2/remotes                              → [{name, package_type, base_url, description, stats}]
+GET    /api/v2/remotes/{name}                       → {full config + stats + health}
+POST   /api/v2/remotes                              → create remote (Terraform provider)
+PUT    /api/v2/remotes/{name}                        → update remote (Terraform provider)
+DELETE /api/v2/remotes/{name}                        → delete remote — cascades artifacts, GC cleans S3
+
+GET    /api/v2/virtuals                             → [{name, package_type, members, stats}]
+GET    /api/v2/virtuals/{name}                      → {full config + member details}
+POST   /api/v2/virtuals                             → create virtual
+PUT    /api/v2/virtuals/{name}                       → update virtual
+DELETE /api/v2/virtuals/{name}                       → delete virtual
+
+GET    /api/v2/remotes/{name}/objects               → paginated objects
+         ?q=pattern&sort=size|accessed|age&page=1&per_page=50
+DELETE /api/v2/remotes/{name}/objects/{path}         → evict specific cached object
+DELETE /api/v2/remotes/{name}/cache                 → flush cache
+         ?type=all|indexes|blobs
+
+GET    /api/v2/stats                                → overview stats
+GET    /api/v2/stats/top-remotes                    → top remotes by size/requests/hit-rate
+
+GET    /api/v2/health                               → {status, postgres, redis, s3, uptime}
+GET    /metrics                                     → Prometheus format
+GET    /api/v2/events                               → SSE stream
+```
+
+---
+
+## Proxy Engine
+
+### Request Flow
+
+```
+Client Request
+    │
+    ▼
+Classify (immutable/mutable/denied)
+    │
+    ├── blocklist match → 403
+    ├── allowlist non-empty + no match → 403
+    │
+    ▼
+Check Redis TTL key
+    │
+    ├── exists (fresh) → serve from S3, log access
+    │
+    ├── missing (expired or uncached)
+    │   │
+    │   ▼
+    │   Acquire fetch lock (Redis SETNX, 30s TTL)
+    │   │
+    │   ├── lock acquired
+    │   │   ├── mutable + check_mutable + have ETag → HEAD upstream
+    │   │   │   ├── 304 → refresh TTL, serve from S3
+    │   │   │   └── changed → full fetch
+    │   │   └── full fetch from upstream
+    │   │       → provider.RewriteResponse() if needed
+    │   │       → CAS store (hash → check blobs → upload if new)
+    │   │       → upsert artifact in Postgres
+    │   │       → set Redis TTL + release lock
+    │   │       → on upstream error + stale_on_error → refresh TTL, serve stale
+    │   │
+    │   └── lock not acquired → poll S3 briefly, serve if another pod fetched it
+    │
+    ▼
+Stream response from S3, log access
+```
+
+### Circuit Breaker
+
+Per-remote, tracked in Redis. Closed → Open (after N failures) → Half-open (after cooldown). Exposed via `GET /api/v2/remotes/{name}` health field.
+
+### Content-Addressable Storage
+
+1. Stream upstream → temp file, compute SHA256 inline
+2. Check `blobs` table for hash
+3. Exists → skip S3 upload, upsert `artifacts` row only
+4. New → upload to `blobs/sha256/{hash}`, insert both rows
+
+### Garbage Collection
+
+Background goroutine (configurable interval, default 1h):
+1. Orphaned blobs: delete S3 objects whose `content_hash` has no referencing `artifacts` or `local_files` rows
+2. Cold artifacts: optional per-remote, delete artifacts not accessed in N days
+3. Remote deletion: `ON DELETE CASCADE` handles Postgres; GC sweeps orphaned blobs
+
+---
+
+## Package Providers
+
+### Provider Interface
+
+```go
+type Provider interface {
+    Type() models.PackageType
+    BuiltinMutablePatterns() []*regexp.Regexp
+    BuiltinImmutablePatterns() []*regexp.Regexp
+    ContentType(path string) string
+    UpstreamURL(remote models.Remote, path string) string
+    RewriteResponse(body []byte, remote models.Remote, proxyBaseURL string) ([]byte, error)
+    AuthHeaders(ctx context.Context, remote models.Remote) (http.Header, error)
+}
+
+type IndexMerger interface {
+    MergeIndexes(members []MemberIndex, proxyBaseURL string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+```
+
+### Provider Registry
+
+```go
+var registry = map[models.PackageType]Provider{
+    models.PackageGeneric:   &generic.Provider{},
+    models.PackageDocker:    &docker.Provider{},
+    models.PackageHelm:      &helm.Provider{},
+    models.PackagePyPI:      &pypi.Provider{},
+    models.PackageNPM:       &npm.Provider{},
+    models.PackageRPM:       &rpm.Provider{},
+    models.PackageAlpine:    &alpine.Provider{},
+    models.PackagePuppet:    &puppet.Provider{},
+    models.PackageTerraform: &terraform.Provider{},
+    models.PackageGoProxy:   &goproxy.Provider{},
+}
+
+func Get(t models.PackageType) (Provider, error) { ... }
+```
+
+Each provider lives in its own subpackage under `internal/provider/` with its own `_test.go`.
+
+---
+
+## Testing Strategy
+
+### Unit Tests
+
+Every package gets `_test.go` files alongside the source. Run with `go test ./...`.
+
+| Package | What's Tested |
+|---|---|
+| `internal/provider/docker/` | Auth token parsing/caching, manifest classification, tag banning, URL construction, blob key generation |
+| `internal/provider/helm/` | `index.yaml` parsing (using `helm.sh/helm/v3/pkg/repo`), URL rewriting, index merging |
+| `internal/provider/pypi/` | Simple index HTML parsing, URL rewriting, index merging |
+| `internal/provider/npm/` | Metadata JSON rewriting (`dist.tarball` URLs) |
+| `internal/provider/terraform/` | Registry URL construction, download info JSON rewriting, `releases_remote` URL extraction |
+| `internal/provider/rpm/` | Mutable pattern matching (repodata) |
+| `internal/provider/alpine/` | Mutable pattern matching (APKINDEX) |
+| `internal/provider/puppet/` | `file_uri` JSON rewriting |
+| `internal/proxy/` | Classifier (immutable vs mutable vs denied), circuit breaker state transitions, revalidator logic |
+| `internal/storage/` | CAS key generation, dedup detection, S3 operation mocking |
+| `internal/cache/` | Redis TTL set/check, fetch lock acquire/release/contention |
+| `internal/gc/` | Orphan detection queries, cold artifact selection |
+| `pkg/models/` | Model validation, PackageType enum |
+| `pkg/client/` | API client request/response serialization |
+
+### End-to-End Tests
+
+Located in `e2e/`. Use `testcontainers-go` to spin up real Postgres, Redis, and MinIO containers. The test binary starts the actual `artifactapi` server against these backends.
+
+```go
+// e2e/e2e_test.go
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+    // Start postgres, redis, minio via testcontainers-go
+    // Run migrations
+    // Start artifactapi server on random port
+    // Run tests
+    // Tear down
+}
+```
+
+| Test File | What's Tested |
+|---|---|
+| `e2e/proxy_test.go` | Proxy a real GitHub release through generic remote, verify S3 storage, verify Redis TTL, verify Postgres artifact row, verify cache hit on second request |
+| `e2e/docker_test.go` | Pull a real image manifest + blob through Docker v2 proxy, verify blob deduplication, tag banning |
+| `e2e/management_test.go` | Full CRUD lifecycle: create remote via v2 API, proxy through it, list objects, evict object, flush cache, delete remote |
+| `e2e/virtual_test.go` | Create two helm remotes + virtual, fetch merged index, verify priority ordering |
+| `e2e/terraform_test.go` | Proxy terraform provider version listing + download info, verify URL rewriting to releases_remote |
+| `e2e/goproxy_test.go` | Proxy Go module `@v/list`, `.info`, `.mod`, `.zip` through GOPROXY remote, verify mutable vs immutable classification |
+| `e2e/gc_test.go` | Create artifact, delete remote, trigger GC, verify S3 blob cleaned up |
+
+### Code Quality
+
+- `gofmt` / `goimports` — enforced in CI, run on save
+- `golangci-lint` — comprehensive linter suite (staticcheck, errcheck, govet, etc.)
+- `go vet ./...` — run in CI
+- Makefile targets: `make test`, `make lint`, `make e2e`, `make fmt`
+
+---
+
+## Terraform Provider (Separate Repo)
+
+**Repo**: `terraform-provider-artifactapi`
+**Uses**: `pkg/client/` and `pkg/models/` from the main module
+
+```hcl
+provider "artifactapi" {
+  endpoint = "https://artifactapi.example.com"
+}
+
+resource "artifactapi_remote" "terraform_registry" {
+  name            = "terraform-registry"
+  package_type    = "terraform"
+  base_url        = "https://registry.terraform.io"
+  description     = "Terraform provider registry"
+  releases_remote = artifactapi_remote.hashicorp_releases.name
+
+  immutable_patterns = [
+    "[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/download/[^/]+/[^/]+$",
+  ]
+
+  cache {
+    immutable_ttl = 0
+    mutable_ttl   = 300
+  }
+}
+
+resource "artifactapi_remote" "hashicorp_releases" {
+  name         = "hashicorp-releases"
+  package_type = "generic"
+  base_url     = "https://releases.hashicorp.com"
+
+  immutable_patterns = [
+    ".*\\.zip$",
+    ".*SHA256SUMS(\\.sig)?$",
+  ]
+
+  cache {
+    immutable_ttl = 0
+    mutable_ttl   = 0
+  }
+}
+
+resource "artifactapi_virtual" "helm" {
+  name         = "helm"
+  package_type = "helm"
+  description  = "All helm repos merged"
+  members      = [
+    artifactapi_remote.jetstack.name,
+    artifactapi_remote.hashicorp_helm.name,
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Web UI (React + Vite — Separate Container)
+
+### Deployment
+
+Separate `Dockerfile.ui`: multi-stage build (node → nginx). Served as its own container/pod. nginx proxies `/api/*` to the Go backend.
+
+### Pages
+
+| Route | Content |
+|---|---|
+| `/` | Dashboard: total objects, storage used, dedup savings, bandwidth saved, top remotes chart, live SSE event feed, health indicators |
+| `/remotes` | Remote table: name, type, description, object count, size, hit rate, health. Filter by type, sort any column |
+| `/remotes/:name` | Config (read-only, "Managed by Terraform" badge), stats, object browser with search/sort/evict, flush actions |
+| `/virtuals` | Virtual table: name, type, members, merged object count |
+| `/virtuals/:name` | Member list with individual stats |
+
+All config is read-only — managed by Terraform.
+
+---
+
+## TUI (Bubble Tea — Subcommand)
+
+`artifactapi tui --endpoint http://localhost:8000` or via `ARTIFACTAPI_ENDPOINT` env.
+
+Uses `pkg/client/` for all API calls (same client as Terraform provider).
+
+| View | Key bindings |
+|---|---|
+| Dashboard | summary stats, top remotes |
+| Remotes list | `j`/`k` navigate, `/` filter, `Enter` detail |
+| Remote detail | config + stats, `Enter` → object browser |
+| Object browser | `/` search, `d` evict, `f` flush |
+| Virtuals | `j`/`k`, `Enter` detail |
+
+---
+
+## Improvements Over v2
+
+| Area | v2 (Python) | v3 (Go) |
+|---|---|---|
+| S3 paths | Hashed, opaque | Content-addressed CAS |
+| Config | YAML files, mtime reload | Terraform via API |
+| Package types | 8 types | 10 types (+ terraform, goproxy) |
+| Virtual repos | Helm only | Helm + PyPI, extensible |
+| Deduplication | Docker blobs only | All types via CAS |
+| Revalidation | Opt-in flag | Default for all mutable |
+| Access logging | None | Per-artifact in Postgres |
+| GC | None | Background goroutine |
+| Upstream health | Per-request | Circuit breaker |
+| S3 backends | MinIO only | MinIO, Ceph, AWS (minio-go) |
+| UI | None | Web dashboard + TUI |
+| Binary | Python + venv | Static Go binary |
+| Frontend | N/A | Separate container (React) |
+| Testing | Mocked unit tests | Unit + e2e with real backends |
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Phases
+
+### Phase 1: Core Engine + Models
+- Go module, Makefile (`make build test lint fmt e2e`), Dockerfile, docker-compose
+- `pkg/models/` — all domain types
+- PostgreSQL schema + migrations
+- S3 storage layer with CAS (`minio-go/v7`)
+- Redis cache layer (TTL, locks)
+- Proxy engine: fetch-or-cache, classifier, revalidator
+- Generic + Docker providers (most complexity: OCI auth, CAS, tag banning)
+- Health + metrics endpoints
+- Unit tests for all packages
+- **Milestone**: proxy Docker + generic, cache in S3, track in Postgres
+
+### Phase 2: All Providers
+- Helm (using `helm.sh/helm/v3/pkg/repo`)
+- PyPI (stdlib `x/net/html`)
+- npm (stdlib `encoding/json`)
+- RPM (using `rs3.io/go/rpm/repomd`)
+- Alpine (using `gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/go`)
+- Puppet Forge (stdlib `encoding/json`)
+- Terraform (using `hashicorp/terraform-registry-address`)
+- Go Modules / GOPROXY (using `github.com/goproxy/goproxy`)
+- Unit tests per provider
+- **Milestone**: feature parity with v2 + goproxy
+
+### Phase 3: Management API + Virtual Repos + GC
+- `pkg/client/` — shared Go API client
+- v2 CRUD endpoints
+- Virtual repo engine: `IndexMerger` for Helm + PyPI
+- Circuit breaker
+- Access logging middleware
+- GC goroutine
+- **Milestone**: full API, virtuals, GC
+
+### Phase 4: End-to-End Tests
+- `e2e/` test suite with `testcontainers-go`
+- Proxy, Docker, management, virtual, terraform, GC tests
+- CI pipeline: `make e2e`
+- **Milestone**: comprehensive e2e coverage
+
+### Phase 5: Terraform Provider
+- Separate repo: `terraform-provider-artifactapi`
+- Imports `pkg/client/` and `pkg/models/`
+- `artifactapi_remote` + `artifactapi_virtual` resources + data sources
+- Import support
+- **Milestone**: manage all config via Terraform
+
+### Phase 6: Web UI
+- React + Vite in `ui/`
+- `Dockerfile.ui` (multi-stage → nginx)
+- Dashboard, remotes, objects, virtuals pages
+- SSE event feed
+- **Milestone**: full web UI in separate container
+
+### Phase 7: TUI
+- Bubble Tea in `internal/tui/`
+- Uses `pkg/client/`
+- Dashboard, remotes, objects, virtuals views
+- **Milestone**: TUI feature parity with web UI
+
+### Phase 8: Migration + Cutover
+- Migration tool: v2 YAML → Terraform HCL + `terraform import` commands
+- S3 rehash script: `{remote}/{hash16}/{file}` → `blobs/sha256/{content_hash}`
+- Parallel run, response comparison
+- Cutover
+
+---
+
+## Makefile Targets
+
+```makefile
+.PHONY: build test lint fmt e2e docker docker-ui
+
+build:                  ## Build Go binary
+	go build -o bin/artifactapi ./cmd/artifactapi
+
+test:                   ## Run unit tests
+	go test ./...
+
+lint:                   ## Run golangci-lint + go vet
+	golangci-lint run ./...
+	go vet ./...
+
+fmt:                    ## Format code (gofmt + goimports)
+	gofmt -w .
+	goimports -w .
+
+e2e:                    ## Run end-to-end tests (requires Docker)
+	go test -tags=e2e -count=1 -timeout=5m ./e2e/...
+
+docker:                 ## Build API server Docker image
+	docker build -t artifactapi .
+
+docker-ui:              ## Build frontend Docker image
+	docker build -t artifactapi-ui -f ui/Dockerfile.ui ui/
+
+compose:                ## Start full stack (API + UI + Postgres + Redis + MinIO)
+	docker compose up -d
+```

SPEC.md

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-# ArtifactAPI Specification
-
-## Repository model
-
-Every repository entry in `remotes.yaml` has two orthogonal fields:
-
-| field | values | meaning |
-|---|---|---|
-| `type` | `local`, `remote`, `virtual` | repository kind — how the repo is served |
-| `package` | `docker`, `rpm`, `alpine`, `generic` | package format — what protocol and caching rules to apply |
-
-**type**
-
-- `local` — files are uploaded directly to the API and stored in S3; no upstream.
-- `remote` — proxies and caches content from an upstream URL (`base_url`).
-- `virtual` — aggregates multiple repositories (not yet implemented).
-
-**package**
-
-- `docker` — upstream speaks the OCI Distribution API (Bearer auth, manifest/blob paths).
-- `rpm` — upstream is an RPM repository; repodata files are index files.
-- `alpine` — upstream is an Alpine APK repository; `APKINDEX.tar.gz` is an index file.
-- `generic` — plain HTTP file download; no format-specific logic.
-
----
-
-## Caching
-
-Two cache classes determine retention:
-
-| class | stored | TTL |
-|---|---|---|
-| **file** | S3 object, no Redis entry | `file_ttl` — `0` means indefinite |
-| **index** | S3 object + Redis TTL key | `index_ttl` — when the Redis key expires the S3 object is deleted and re-fetched |
-
-Index files are mutable metadata that must expire. File-class objects are treated as immutable and cached indefinitely (unless `file_ttl` is set).
-
----
-
-## Docker package rules
-
-### URL construction
-
-Remote URLs are prefixed with `/v2/` for `package: docker` remotes:
-
-```
-{base_url}/v2/{path}
-```
-
-e.g. `library/nginx/manifests/latest` → `https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/nginx/manifests/latest`
-
-### Authentication
-
-Docker registries use Bearer token challenges. On a `401 Unauthorized` response, the API:
-
-1. Parses the `WWW-Authenticate: Bearer` header for `realm`, `service`, and `scope`.
-2. Fetches a token from the auth realm, supplying `username`/`password` from the remote config if present.
-3. Retries the request with `Authorization: Bearer <token>`.
-
-Tokens are cached in-memory keyed by `(realm, service, scope, username)` and expire 30 seconds before their stated `expires_in`.
-
-### Cache classification
-
-| path pattern | mutable | class | TTL source |
-|---|---|---|---|
-| `/manifests/<tag>` | yes | index | `index_ttl` |
-| `/tags/list` | yes | index | `index_ttl` |
-| `/manifests/sha256:<digest>` | no | file | `file_ttl` |
-| `/blobs/sha256:<digest>` | no | file | `file_ttl` |
-
-Tag-based manifests and tag lists are mutable and cached as index. Digest-pinned manifests and blobs are content-addressed and cached indefinitely as files.
-
-### Blob deduplication
-
-Blobs are stored under a digest-keyed path shared across all images on the same remote:
-
-```
-{remote_name}/blobs/sha256/{digest}
-```
-
-The same layer pulled by different images is stored once.
-
-### Accept headers
-
-| path | `Accept` header sent upstream |
-|---|---|
-| `/manifests/…` | `application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json`, `application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json`, `application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json`, `application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json` |
-| `/blobs/…` | `application/octet-stream` |
-
----
-
-## OCI Distribution API endpoint
-
-The API exposes a native Docker registry interface so clients can use `docker pull` directly:
-
-```
-GET  /v2/                                   — version ping
-GET  /v2/{remote}/{image}/manifests/{ref}   — fetch manifest
-HEAD /v2/{remote}/{image}/manifests/{ref}   — manifest metadata
-GET  /v2/{remote}/{image}/blobs/{digest}    — fetch blob
-HEAD /v2/{remote}/{image}/blobs/{digest}    — blob metadata
-```
-
-Responses include `Docker-Distribution-Api-Version`, `Docker-Content-Digest`, and the correct OCI `Content-Type` (detected from the manifest `mediaType` field).
-
-Only remotes with `package: docker` are accessible via this endpoint. All other remotes return `400`.
-
----
-
-## include_patterns
-
-`include_patterns` is a list of Python regexes applied to every request before any upstream fetch or cache lookup.
-
-**Generic remotes (`/api/v1/remote/…`):**
-- Patterns match against the file path and the full path.
-- Index files (mutable metadata) bypass pattern checks and are always allowed.
-
-**Docker remotes (`/v2/…`):**
-- Patterns match against the image name (first two path segments, e.g. `library/nginx`) and the full path.
-- The index-file exemption does **not** apply — patterns restrict whole images, including their manifests and tag lists.
-- No patterns configured → all images allowed.
-
-Returns `403` when a request is blocked.
-
----
-
-## Versioning
-
-The package version is derived from git tags via `hatch-vcs`. Tags follow the format `v{MAJOR}.{MINOR}.{PATCH}`.
-
-Docker images are built with the version injected at build time:
-
-```
-SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION=<version> uv sync --frozen
-```
-
-The `Makefile` provides `patch`, `minor`, and `major` targets that tag the current commit and rebuild the container image.

cmd/artifactapi/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/config"
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/server"
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/tui"
+)
+
+var version = "dev"
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) > 1 && os.Args[1] == "tui" {
+		endpoint := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_ENDPOINT")
+		if endpoint == "" {
+			endpoint = "http://localhost:8000"
+		}
+		for i, arg := range os.Args {
+			if arg == "--endpoint" && i+1 < len(os.Args) {
+				endpoint = os.Args[i+1]
+			}
+		}
+
+		app := tui.New(endpoint)
+		if err := app.Run(); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "tui error: %v\n", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("failed to load config", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	srv, err := server.New(cfg, version)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("failed to create server", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if err := srv.Run(ctx); err != nil {
+		slog.Error("server exited with error", "error", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

docker-compose.e2e.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Overlay for the dockerised end-to-end suite (scripts/docker-e2e.sh).
+# Adds a static mock upstream that the artifactapi container proxies, so the
+# caching tests are hermetic and need no internet access.
+services:
+  mockupstream:
+    image: nginx:alpine
+    volumes:
+      - ./e2e-docker/fixtures:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro,z
+    # No host port needed: only the artifactapi container talks to it, and the
+    # tests compare served bytes against the on-disk fixtures.
+
+  # Two constant-body upstreams for the multi-base_url suite: each returns a
+  # distinct, upstream-identifying body for any path, so round-robin
+  # distribution across a two-mirror remote is directly observable.
+  mockupstreama:
+    image: nginx:alpine
+    volumes:
+      - ./e2e-docker/mirror-conf/a.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro,z
+  mockupstreamb:
+    image: nginx:alpine
+    volumes:
+      - ./e2e-docker/mirror-conf/b.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf:ro,z
+
+  artifactapi:
+    # The host port is set via ARTIFACTAPI_PORT (see scripts/docker-e2e.sh),
+    # defaulting to 8000; the e2e run uses 8001 to avoid colliding with a
+    # locally-running instance.
+    depends_on:
+      mockupstream:
+        condition: service_started
+      mockupstreama:
+        condition: service_started
+      mockupstreamb:
+        condition: service_started

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,31 +1,22 @@
-version: '3.8'
-
 services:
   artifactapi:
-    build:
-      context: .
-      dockerfile: Dockerfile
-      args:
-        - VERSION=2.2.2.dev0
+    build: .
     ports:
-      - "8000:8000"
-    volumes:
-      - ./remotes.yaml:/app/remotes.yaml:ro,z
-      - ./ca-bundle.pem:/app/ca-bundle.pem:ro,z
+      - "${ARTIFACTAPI_PORT:-8000}:8000"
     environment:
-      - CONFIG_PATH=/app/remotes.yaml
-      - DBHOST=postgres
-      - DBPORT=5432
-      - DBUSER=artifacts
-      - DBPASS=artifacts123
-      - DBNAME=artifacts
-      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
-      - MINIO_ENDPOINT=minio:9000
-      - MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=minioadmin
-      - MINIO_SECRET_KEY=minioadmin
-      - MINIO_BUCKET=artifacts
-      - MINIO_SECURE=false
-      - REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=/app/ca-bundle.pem
+      LISTEN_ADDR: ":8000"
+      DBHOST: postgres
+      DBPORT: "5432"
+      DBUSER: artifacts
+      DBPASS: artifacts123
+      DBNAME: artifacts
+      DBSSL: disable
+      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379
+      MINIO_ENDPOINT: minio:9000
+      MINIO_ACCESS_KEY: minioadmin
+      MINIO_SECRET_KEY: minioadmin
+      MINIO_BUCKET: artifacts
+      MINIO_SECURE: "false"
     depends_on:
       postgres:
         condition: service_healthy
@@ -34,27 +25,35 @@ services:
       minio:
         condition: service_healthy
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8000/health"]
-      interval: 30s
-      timeout: 10s
+      test: ["CMD", "wget", "-q", "--spider", "http://localhost:8000/health"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
       retries: 3
 
-  minio:
-    image: minio/minio:latest
+  ui:
+    build:
+      context: ui
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile.ui
     ports:
-      - "9000:9000"
-      - "9001:9001"
+      - "8080:80"
+    depends_on:
+      - artifactapi
+
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+    ports:
+      - "5432:5432"
     environment:
-      MINIO_ROOT_USER: minioadmin
-      MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: minioadmin
-    command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
+      POSTGRES_USER: artifacts
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: artifacts123
+      POSTGRES_DB: artifacts
     volumes:
-      - minio_data:/data
+      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:9000/minio/health/live"]
-      interval: 30s
-      timeout: 20s
-      retries: 3
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U artifacts -d artifacts"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
 
   redis:
     image: redis:7-alpine
@@ -65,27 +64,28 @@ services:
     command: redis-server --save 20 1
     healthcheck:
       test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
-      interval: 30s
-      timeout: 10s
-      retries: 3
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
 
-  postgres:
-    image: postgres:15-alpine
-    ports:
-      - "5432:5432"
+  minio:
+    image: minio/minio:latest
+    command: server /data --console-address ":9001"
     environment:
-      POSTGRES_DB: artifacts
-      POSTGRES_USER: artifacts
-      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: artifacts123
+      MINIO_ROOT_USER: minioadmin
+      MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD: minioadmin
+    ports:
+      - "9000:9000"
+      - "9001:9001"
     volumes:
-      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+      - minio_data:/data
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U artifacts -d artifacts"]
-      interval: 30s
-      timeout: 10s
-      retries: 3
+      test: ["CMD", "mc", "ready", "local"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 5
 
 volumes:
-  minio_data:
-  redis_data:
   postgres_data:
+  redis_data:
+  minio_data:

docs/alpine/remote-github.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `github_alpine` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `github_alpine` | `APKINDEX.tar.gz` (synthesized) | `.apk` (redirected) |

docs/alpine/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `alpine` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `alpine` | `APKINDEX.tar.gz` | `.apk` |

docs/cargo/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `cargo` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `cargo` | sparse index files (`config.json` synthesized) | `crates/*/*.crate` |

docs/common/caching.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# Caching and classification (all remotes)
+
+Every proxied request on a remote is classified as **denied**, **immutable** or
+**mutable**. The class picks the storage path and the freshness TTL.
+
+## Fields
+
+| Field | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `patterns` | Allowlist of regexes. Empty allows every path; otherwise a non-matching path is denied (403). |
+| `blocklist` | Regexes; a match is denied (403). |
+| `immutable_patterns` | Regexes forcing a path immutable. |
+| `mutable_patterns` | Regexes forcing a path mutable. |
+| `immutable_ttl` | Seconds an immutable path stays fresh. `0` = forever. |
+| `mutable_ttl` | Seconds a mutable path stays fresh. `0` also means never expires. Omitted on create, it defaults to `3600`; omitted on update, the stored value is kept. |
+| `check_mutable` | When a mutable path's `mutable_ttl` expires, sends a conditional `HEAD` (`If-None-Match`) with the stored upstream ETag. A `304` re-arms the TTL and serves the stored copy; anything else refetches in full. The ETag is kept for `max(10 × mutable_ttl, 7 days)`, re-armed on each `304`, so idle paths age out. It is only stored when `check_mutable` is set and `mutable_ttl` is non-zero, and never for immutable paths. |
+| `stale_on_error` | On an upstream network error, serve the stored copy instead of failing. |
+| `quarantine_enabled` / `quarantine_days` | Stored on the remote but not enforced by the proxy yet. |
+| `mirrorlist` / `mirror_strategy` | rpm/deb/alpine only. Upstream pool is `[base_url] + mirrorlist`; `round_robin` (default) rotates the starting mirror, `least_conn` starts at the one with the fewest in-flight requests. Network errors and 5xx fail over to the next mirror; other statuses return as-is. |
+
+## Precedence
+
+The first rule that matches wins:
+
+1. `blocklist` matches: **denied**
+2. `patterns` is non-empty and nothing matches: **denied**
+3. `immutable_patterns` matches: **immutable**
+4. `mutable_patterns` matches: **mutable**
+5. the provider's built-in `Classify` says mutable: **mutable**
+6. anything else: **immutable**
+
+So `blocklist` beats the allowlist, and `immutable_patterns` beats
+`mutable_patterns`. Either user list overrides the built-in rules. `GET` and
+`HEAD` both apply this order.
+
+## Matching rules
+
+- Regexes are Go `regexp`, matched **unanchored** (`MatchString`). Add `^` or `$` yourself when you need them.
+- They match the path after `/api/v1/remote/<name>/`, without a leading slash, e.g. `9/BaseOS/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml`.
+- The query string is not part of the path. It is dropped and not forwarded upstream.
+- `create` and `update` reject an invalid regex in `patterns`, `blocklist`, `mutable_patterns`, `immutable_patterns` or `ban_tags` with a 400. Only invalid regexes already stored before that check are skipped at match time.
+
+## Lifecycles
+
+| | Immutable | Mutable |
+|---|---|---|
+| Stored as | content-addressed blob (sha256), streamed | per-path index object, buffered and rewritten by the provider |
+| Fresh for | `immutable_ttl` (`0` = forever) | `mutable_ttl` |
+| After expiry | refetched from upstream | revalidated with `If-None-Match` when `check_mutable` is set and an ETag is stored, else refetched |
+| Upstream down | `stale_on_error` serves the stored copy and re-arms the TTL; an open circuit breaker always serves stale if a copy exists, else 503 | same |
+
+Concurrent misses on one path share a fetch lock. Waiters poll the store for
+up to 5s instead of all going upstream.
+
+## Eviction
+
+```sh
+curl -X DELETE https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v2/remotes/<name>/objects/<path>
+curl -X DELETE https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v2/remotes/<name>/objects/<dir>/*
+```
+
+- Evict drops the artifact row, the index object and the Redis TTL and ETag keys, so the next request goes upstream whatever the class or TTL.
+- Deleting a remote drops its Redis TTL and ETag keys, so a re-created remote of the same name starts cold.
+- A single-path evict takes the fetch lock first, so an in-flight fetch can't re-cache the path. It returns 503 if the lock stays busy.
+- A wildcard must end in `<dir>/*` and takes no lock.
+- Returns 204, or 404 for an unknown remote.
+
+## Examples
+
+Bodies for `POST https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v2/remotes`.
+
+GitHub release assets through a `generic` remote, allowlisted:
+
+```json
+{"name": "github", "package_type": "generic", "base_url": "https://github.com",
+ "immutable_ttl": 0, "mutable_ttl": 7200,
+ "patterns": ["^mikefarah/yq/releases/download/.*/yq_linux_amd64$"]}
+```
+
+rpm remote: `repodata/*` and `repomd.xml` are mutable by default, so only the TTLs are needed:
+
+```json
+{"name": "almalinux", "package_type": "rpm", "base_url": "https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux",
+ "immutable_ttl": 0, "mutable_ttl": 3600, "check_mutable": true, "stale_on_error": true}
+```
+
+Force a moving path mutable, e.g. branch tarballs on `generic`:
+
+```json
+{"mutable_patterns": ["/archive/refs/heads/.*\\.tar\\.gz$"], "mutable_ttl": 600}
+```
+
+## Built-in classification per type
+
+Each type's page lists its auto-detected mutable and immutable paths:
+[alpine](../alpine/remote.md), [alpine github](../alpine/remote-github.md),
+[cargo](../cargo/remote.md), [deb](../deb/remote.md), [deb github](../deb/remote-github.md),
+[docker](../docker/remote.md), [generic](../generic/remote.md), [gems](../gems/remote.md), [goproxy](../goproxy/remote.md),
+[helm](../helm/remote.md), [npm](../npm/remote.md), [nuget](../nuget/remote.md),
+[puppet](../puppet/remote.md), [pypi](../pypi/remote.md), [rpm](../rpm/remote.md),
+[rpm github](../rpm/remote-github.md), [terraform](../terraform/remote.md).

docs/deb/remote-github.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `github_deb` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `github_deb` | `Packages*`, `Release*` (synthesized) | `.deb` (redirected) |

docs/deb/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `deb` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `deb` | `Packages*`, `Sources*`, `Release`, `InRelease`, `Release.gpg`, `Contents-*` | `.deb` |

docs/docker/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Local docker registry
+
+A local `docker` repo is a real container registry, not a mirror: it serves the
+Docker Registry HTTP API V2 for both push and pull, so any client (`docker`,
+`podman`, `skopeo`, `buildah`) can use it directly.
+
+```sh
+docker tag myapp:latest artifactapi.example.com/docker-internal/myapp:latest
+docker push        artifactapi.example.com/docker-internal/myapp:latest
+docker pull        artifactapi.example.com/docker-internal/myapp:latest
+```
+
+The first path segment after `/v2/` is the artifactapi repo name; the remainder
+is the image name. Blobs and manifests are stored through the shared
+content-addressable store (deduplicated by digest, reaped by GC once
+unreferenced); tags are mutable references and re-pushing a tag moves it. Blob
+uploads support both the monolithic and chunked (`POST`/`PATCH`/`PUT`) flows.

docs/docker/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# `docker` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `docker` | tag manifests, `/tags/list` | blobs, digest manifests |
+
+## Terraform
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_remote_docker" "dockerhub" {
+  name     = "dockerhub"
+  base_url = "https://registry-1.docker.io"
+
+  immutable_ttl    = 0
+  mutable_ttl      = 300
+  ban_tags_enabled = true
+  ban_tags         = ["latest"]
+
+  patterns = [
+    "^library/postgres",
+    "^library/redis",
+  ]
+}
+```

docs/gems/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Local gems repository
+
+A local `gems` repo is a RubyGems source: `gem push`, `gem yank`, `gem install`
+and `bundle install` work against `/api/v1/local/<repo>`. `gem push` needs an
+API key; any value works.
+
+```bash
+GEM_HOST_API_KEY=unused gem push --host https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo> mygem-1.0.0.gem
+gem install mygem --source https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>/
+gem yank mygem -v 1.0.0 --host https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>
+```
+
+```ruby
+# Gemfile
+source "https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>/"
+gem "mygem"
+```
+
+The repo serves the compact index (`versions`, `info/<gem>`, `names`), `gems/*.gem`
+and `quick/Marshal.4.8/*.gemspec.rz`. The legacy `specs.4.8.gz` indexes are not
+served; current gem and bundler clients use the compact index.
+
+Versions are immutable: pushing an existing name-version-platform is rejected
+with 409. A yanked version disappears from the index and its files are removed.

docs/gems/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `gems` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `gems` | compact index (`versions`, `info/*`, `names`), `*specs.4.8.gz` | `gems/*.gem`, `quick/Marshal.4.8/*.gemspec.rz` |

docs/gems/virtual.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# `gems` virtual
+
+A gems virtual serves one RubyGems source over local and remote gems members:
+`gem install` and `bundle install` work against `/api/v1/virtual/<name>/`.
+
+- `info/<gem>` is the union of member lines; on a duplicate version-platform
+  the earlier member wins. A gem only one member has is served verbatim.
+- `versions` regenerates the line (and md5) of every gem several members list
+  from its merged `info`; other gems' lines pass through. `names` is the union.
+- `gems/*.gem` and `quick/Marshal.4.8/*.gemspec.rz` 302 to the member whose
+  `info` line won.
+- A member error fails the request with 502; a member without the gem is
+  skipped. Merges are cached for 60s.
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_virtual" "gems" {
+  name         = "gems"
+  package_type = "gems"
+  members      = [artifactapi_local_gems.internal.name, artifactapi_remote_gems.rubygems.name]
+}
+```
+
+```ruby
+# Gemfile
+source "https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/virtual/gems/"
+```
+
+Push to the local member directly; the virtual is read-only.

docs/generic/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# `generic` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `generic` | nothing | everything |
+
+## Terraform
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_remote_generic" "github" {
+  name     = "github"
+  base_url = "https://github.com"
+
+  immutable_ttl = 0
+  mutable_ttl   = 7200
+
+  patterns = [
+    "ducaale/xh/.*/xh-.*-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl.tar.gz$",
+    "mikefarah/yq/.*/yq_linux_amd64$",
+  ]
+
+  mutable_patterns = [
+    ".*/archive/refs/heads/.*\\.tar\\.gz$",
+  ]
+}
+```

docs/goproxy/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `goproxy` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `goproxy` | `@v/list`, `@latest` | `.info`, `.mod`, `.zip` |

docs/helm/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Local helm repository
+
+A local `helm` repo is a real chart repository: `PUT` a packaged chart to
+`/api/v2/remotes/<repo>/files/<chart>-<version>.tgz` and `index.yaml` is
+generated from each chart's `Chart.yaml` (with sha256 digests) at
+`/api/v1/local/<repo>/index.yaml`; a file not named after its `Chart.yaml`
+name and version is stored but left out of the index. Add the local as a
+member of a helm virtual to serve it alongside remotes.
+
+```bash
+helm package ./mychart
+curl -fsSL --upload-file mychart-0.1.0.tgz \
+  https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v2/remotes/<repo>/files/mychart-0.1.0.tgz
+helm repo add <repo> https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>
+```

docs/helm/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# `helm` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `helm` | `index.yaml` | `.tgz` charts |
+
+## Terraform
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_remote_helm" "jetstack" {
+  name     = "jetstack"
+  base_url = "https://charts.jetstack.io"
+
+  immutable_ttl = 0
+  mutable_ttl   = 3600
+}
+```

docs/helm/virtual.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# `helm` virtual
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_virtual" "helm" {
+  name         = "helm"
+  package_type = "helm"
+  members      = [artifactapi_remote_helm.jetstack.name]
+}
+```

docs/npm/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Local npm registry
+
+A local `npm` repo is a real npm registry: `npm publish` (scoped and unscoped)
+and `npm install` work against `/api/v1/local/<repo>/`. npm requires an
+`_authToken` for the registry before it will publish; any value works.
+
+```ini
+# .npmrc
+registry=https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>/
+//artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>/:_authToken=unused
+```
+
+Versions are immutable: republishing an existing version is rejected. The
+dist-tags sent with a publish (`latest`, or `--tag`) move to that version.

docs/npm/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `npm` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `npm` | package metadata | `.tgz` tarballs |

docs/npm/virtual.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# `npm` virtual
+
+An npm virtual serves one registry over local and remote npm members:
+`npm install` and `npm view` work against `/api/v1/virtual/<name>/`.
+
+- Versions are the union across members; on a duplicate version the earlier
+  member wins.
+- Each dist-tag comes from the first member defining it, and is dropped if it
+  names a version missing from the merged set.
+- Tarball URLs point at the virtual (`<member>/<path>`), which 302s to the
+  owning member.
+- Full and abbreviated (`application/vnd.npm.install-v1+json`) packuments are
+  both served.
+- A member error fails the request with 502; a member without the package is
+  skipped. Merges are cached for 60s per package.
+
+```hcl
+resource "artifactapi_virtual" "npm" {
+  name         = "npm"
+  package_type = "npm"
+  members      = [artifactapi_local_npm.internal.name, artifactapi_remote_npm.npmjs.name]
+}
+```
+
+```ini
+# .npmrc
+registry=https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/virtual/npm/
+```
+
+Publish to the local member directly; the virtual is read-only.

docs/nuget/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `nuget` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `nuget` | `index.json` (service index), registration and flat container indexes | `.nupkg`, `.snupkg`, `.nuspec`, `readme`, `icon` |

docs/puppet/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Local puppet forge
+
+A local `puppet` repo is a Forge: `PUT` a module tarball to
+`/api/v2/remotes/<repo>/files/<owner>-<module>-<version>.tar.gz` and the Forge
+v3 API (`/v3/modules`, `/v3/releases`, `/v3/files`) is served from each
+release's `metadata.json` at `/api/v1/local/<repo>`. Versions are immutable.
+
+```bash
+puppet module build ./hello
+curl -fsSL --upload-file pkg/unkin-hello-0.1.0.tar.gz \
+  https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v2/remotes/<repo>/files/unkin-hello-0.1.0.tar.gz
+puppet module install unkin-hello \
+  --module_repository https://artifactapi.example.com/api/v1/local/<repo>
+```

docs/puppet/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `puppet` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `puppet` | `v3/modules/*`, `v3/releases*` | `.tar.gz` |

docs/pypi/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `pypi` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `pypi` | `simple/*` index pages | `.whl`, `.tar.gz` |

docs/rpm/remote-github.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# `github_rpm` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `github_rpm` | `repodata/*` (synthesized) | `.rpm` (redirected) |
+
+## GitHub releases as a yum repo (metadata-only, no precache)
+
+A `github_rpm` remote turns a GitHub repo's **releases** into a real `dnf`/`yum`
+repository without ever caching the packages. It scans releases for `.rpm`
+assets, derives each package's metadata (NEVRA, requires/provides/conflicts/
+obsoletes, files, checksum) and **synthesizes `repodata/` on the fly**. Package
+metadata comes from a **ranged GET of just the RPM header** (the header sits at
+the front of the file, so the whole package is never downloaded); the sha256
+checksum comes from the GitHub asset `digest` when present, else a one-time
+lazy stream. Derived metadata is cached (keyed by asset) so repodata generation
+is served from primed DB rows, never a cold on-demand derive.
+
+Each package's `<location>` points back at the remote, which **302-redirects**
+the download to the `releases_remote` — an existing generic `github.com` remote
+that streams the actual bytes. `dnf` follows the redirect transparently.
+
+### Background syncer
+
+A single process-wide **background syncer** keeps every `github_rpm` remote's
+derived metadata current off the client request path:
+
+- **Prime on create.** Creating a `github_rpm` remote enqueues a background prime
+  scan, so its metadata is derived right away without blocking the create call.
+  The first `dnf` request is served from cache. If a request arrives before the
+  prime lands, it returns a retryable `503` (with `Retry-After`) rather than
+  serving an empty repo or blocking on a multi-minute derive.
+- **Periodic re-check, driven by `mutable_ttl`.** Each remote is re-checked for
+  new or changed releases no more often than its `mutable_ttl`. New/changed
+  assets are derived incrementally; assets already cached are never re-fetched,
+  and assets that disappear upstream are pruned.
+- **ETag / 304 conditional requests.** The releases-list `ETag` is stored per
+  remote and sent as `If-None-Match`; a `304 Not Modified` means nothing changed
+  and the syncer derives nothing. GitHub does not count `304` conditional
+  responses against the rate limit, so an unchanged repo is nearly free — this is
+  the main lever keeping GitHub traffic low.
+- **Global rate limit.** Every GitHub call (releases list + each ranged asset
+  header GET) passes through a single token-bucket limiter **shared across all
+  remotes**, so GitHub is never hammered. Configure a token (`password`) on the
+  remote for the higher authenticated rate limit (~5000/hr vs ~60/hr
+  unauthenticated).
+- **Multi-replica coordination.** State is shared through the database. Before a
+  periodic scan a replica must atomically claim a per-remote lease
+  (`github_rpm_sync_state`: `last_synced_at`, `etag`, `sync_lease_owner`,
+  `sync_lease_expires`); only the winner scans. This bounds total GitHub load to
+  ~once per `mutable_ttl` regardless of replica count, and the shared `etag`
+  lets any replica issue the conditional request.
+
+```hcl
+# Backend that serves the actual .rpm bytes from github.com.
+resource "artifactapi_remote_generic" "github" {
+  name     = "github"
+  base_url = "https://github.com"
+  patterns = [
+    "acme/tools/releases/download/.*\\.rpm$", # allowlist the repo's release assets
+  ]
+}
+
+resource "artifactapi_remote_github_rpm" "acme-tools" {
+  name            = "acme-tools"
+  base_url        = "https://api.github.com/repos/acme/tools" # the releases API root
+  releases_remote = "github"                                  # backend for downloads
+  mutable_ttl     = 3600                                      # release re-scan interval
+
+  # Optional: restrict which release assets become packages (regex on filename).
+  patterns = [".*\\.x86_64\\.rpm$", ".*\\.noarch\\.rpm$"]
+
+  # Optional: a token for private repos / higher API rate limits.
+  # password = "ghp_..."
+}
+```
+
+`dnf` config: `baseurl=https://artifactapi.example/api/v1/remote/acme-tools`.
+The repo is multi-arch (no `$basearch` needed) — `dnf` selects matching packages
+from the synthesized metadata.

docs/rpm/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `rpm` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `rpm` | `repomd.xml`, `repodata/*` | `.rpm` |

docs/terraform/local.md

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Serving providers as a registry
+
+A local `terraform` repo is a real provider registry: upload
+`terraform-provider-{type}_{version}_{os}_{arch}.zip` files under
+`{namespace}/{type}/`, and Terraform installs them from a bare source address —
+no `.terraformrc` mirror config:
+
+```hcl
+terraform {
+  required_providers {
+    artifactapi = {
+      source  = "artifactapi.example.com/<repo>/<type>"
+      version = "0.1.2"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+The Terraform *namespace* segment is the artifactapi repo name; the provider is
+matched by *type*. The registry serves service discovery
+(`/.well-known/terraform.json`), the `providers.v1` version/download endpoints,
+and a GPG-signed `SHA256SUMS` per the provider registry protocol.
+
+Signing needs a GPG key. By default artifactapi generates one on first start and
+stores it in the database (`signing_keys` table), so every replica shares it and
+there's nothing to provision. To bring your own key instead, point
+`TF_SIGNING_KEY_PATH` at an armored private key (optionally
+`TF_SIGNING_KEY_PASSPHRASE`), which takes precedence over the generated one.
+`TF_PROVIDER_PROTOCOLS` (default `5.0,6.0`) sets the advertised plugin protocols.

docs/terraform/remote.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# `terraform` remote
+
+Shared classification, TTL and eviction rules: [caching](../common/caching.md).
+
+| Type | Mutable (auto-detected) | Immutable (auto-detected) |
+|---|---|---|
+| `terraform` | `*/versions` | `*/download/*/*` |

e2e-docker/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# Dockerised end-to-end suite
+
+Black-box tests that run against a fully **containerised** artifactapi stack
+(built image + Postgres + Redis + MinIO) plus a static mock upstream. Unlike the
+in-process `e2e/` suite (testcontainers, server run in-process), these only speak
+HTTP to the running product, so they exercise the shipped container image.
+
+## Run
+
+```bash
+make docker-e2e          # build image, compose up, run suite, compose down
+```
+
+`scripts/docker-e2e.sh` builds and starts `docker-compose.yml` +
+`docker-compose.e2e.yml`, waits for `/health`, then runs
+`go test -tags=dockere2e ./e2e-docker/...` and tears everything down.
+
+The stack publishes artifactapi on host port **8001** (to avoid colliding with a
+local instance on 8000). Override with `ARTIFACTAPI_URL` to point the tests at an
+already-running stack.
+
+## Coverage
+
+- **Repository lifecycle** — add / change / delete for remote, local and virtual repos.
+- **Caching** — one immutable artifact per remote package type (one
+  `caching_<type>_test.go` case each) proxied through the mock upstream: first fetch `X-Artifact-Source: remote`, second `cache`, bytes
+  verified against the origin fixture.
+- **Local uploads** — puppet (Forge v3 API via real `r10k` and `puppet module install`),
+  generic (upload/download), pypi (wheel + generated `simple/`
+  index), rpm (real package + **automatic repodata** generation), npm (stock
+  `node:22` client: `npm publish` unscoped + scoped, `npm install` + `require()`,
+  second version, republish rejected), gems (stock `ruby:3.3`: `gem push`,
+  `gem install`, `bundle install` + `require`, republish rejected, `gem yank`,
+  yanked re-push rejected).
+- **Virtual repositories** — pypi simple-index merge and helm `index.yaml` merge
+  across two members; npm packument merge over two locals via a stock `node:22`
+  client (merged versions, install through the member redirect); gems compact
+  index merge over two locals via stock `ruby:3.3` bundler (member order wins,
+  downloads 302 to the owning member).
+- **Mirrorlist** — an rpm remote with a `mirrorlist` of extra upstream mirrors
+  (pool = `base_url` + `mirrorlist`): round-robin distribution across both mirrors
+  (constant-body `mockupstreama` / `mockupstreamb`), failover past a dead primary,
+  no-mirrorlist regression, and a real `dnf` (stock `rockylinux:9` container)
+  `makecache` + `install` through a two-mirror rpm remote whose `base_url` is dead
+  — a dead mirror must not break the client.
+- **Mirror strategy (`least_conn`)** — a `mirror_strategy: least_conn` rpm remote
+  over the two constant-body mirrors exercises the least-connections selection
+  path end-to-end (both mirrors serve, all requests succeed), plus a real `dnf`
+  install through a `least_conn` remote with a dead primary (failover unchanged).
+  The precise least-loaded pick is asserted deterministically in the proxy unit
+  test, since an in-flight-skew assertion over HTTP is timing-sensitive.
+
+## Fixtures
+
+`fixtures/` is served by the mock upstream at its web root. Paths mirror each
+provider's upstream URL layout (e.g. `v2/...` for docker, `v1/providers/...` for
+terraform). The RPM under `fixtures/rpmrepo/Packages/` is a real package so the
+rpm provider can parse its metadata for repodata generation.

e2e-docker/caching_alpine_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"alpine", "alpine/x86_64/testpkg-1.0-r0.apk", "alpine/x86_64/testpkg-1.0-r0.apk"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_cargo_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"cargo", "crates/mycrate/mycrate-1.0.0.crate", "crates/mycrate/mycrate-1.0.0.crate"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_docker_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"docker", "library/testimg/blobs/blobdata", "v2/library/testimg/blobs/blobdata"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_gems_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"gems", "gems/mygem-1.0.0.gem", "gems/mygem-1.0.0.gem"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_generic_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"generic", "blobs/hello.bin", "blobs/hello.bin"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_goproxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"goproxy", "goproxy/example.com/mod/@v/v1.0.0.zip", "goproxy/example.com/mod/@v/v1.0.0.zip"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_helm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"helm", "charts/mychart-1.0.0.tgz", "charts/mychart-1.0.0.tgz"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_npm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"npm", "mypkg/-/mypkg-1.0.0.tgz", "mypkg/-/mypkg-1.0.0.tgz"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_nuget_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"nuget", "nuget/e2epkg/1.0.0/e2epkg.1.0.0.nupkg", "nuget/e2epkg/1.0.0/e2epkg.1.0.0.nupkg"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_puppet_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"puppet", "puppet-releases/author-mod-1.0.0.tar.gz", "puppet-releases/author-mod-1.0.0.tar.gz"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_pypi_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"pypi", "packages/foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl", "packages/foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_rpm_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"rpm", "rpmrepo/Packages/e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm", "rpmrepo/Packages/e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_terraform_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+func init() {
+	cachingCases = append(cachingCases, cachingCase{"terraform", "hashicorp/aws/download/pkg.zip", "v1/providers/hashicorp/aws/download/pkg.zip"})
+}

e2e-docker/caching_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type cachingCase struct {
+	pkgType string
+	// path is the request path under /api/v1/remote/<name>/. The provider
+	// derives the upstream URL from it (docker prepends /v2/, terraform
+	// prepends /v1/providers/), and the fixture lives at that resolved path.
+	path    string
+	fixture string
+}
+
+// cachingCases is filled by one caching_<type>_test.go file per package type.
+var cachingCases []cachingCase
+
+// TestCachingPerProvider proxies one immutable artifact for every remote
+// package type through the mock upstream and asserts: first fetch is served
+// from the remote, the second from cache, and the bytes match the origin.
+func TestCachingPerProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range cachingCases {
+		t.Run(tc.pkgType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			name := "cache-" + tc.pkgType
+			createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+				"name": %q,
+				"package_type": %q,
+				"repo_type": "remote",
+				"base_url": %q,
+				"stale_on_error": true
+			}`, name, tc.pkgType, mockUpstream()))
+			defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+			want := fixtureBytes(t, tc.fixture)
+			url := api("/api/v1/remote/" + name + "/" + tc.path)
+
+			// First fetch: from remote.
+			resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+				t.Fatalf("first fetch: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+			}
+			if src := resp.Header.Get("X-Artifact-Source"); src != "remote" {
+				t.Fatalf("first fetch source = %q, want remote", src)
+			}
+			if !bytes.Equal(body, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("first fetch body mismatch: got %d bytes, want %d", len(body), len(want))
+			}
+
+			// Second fetch: from cache, identical bytes.
+			resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+				t.Fatalf("second fetch: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+			}
+			if src := resp.Header.Get("X-Artifact-Source"); src != "cache" {
+				t.Fatalf("second fetch source = %q, want cache", src)
+			}
+			if !bytes.Equal(body, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("cached body mismatch: got %d bytes, want %d", len(body), len(want))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/docker_local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func digestOf(b []byte) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256(b)
+	return "sha256:" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+// pushBlobMonolithic uploads a blob with POST (open session) then PUT?digest
+// (whole body) — the monolithic-after-POST flow.
+func pushBlobMonolithic(t *testing.T, repo, image string, blob []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dgst := digestOf(blob)
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPost, api("/v2/"+repo+"/"+image+"/blobs/uploads/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("start upload: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	loc := resp.Header.Get("Location")
+	if loc == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("start upload: no Location header")
+	}
+
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL()+loc+"?digest="+dgst, blob, "application/octet-stream")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("finish upload: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if got := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Content-Digest"); got != dgst {
+		t.Fatalf("finish upload: digest mismatch: got %q want %q", got, dgst)
+	}
+}
+
+// pushBlobChunked uploads a blob with POST then PATCH (body) then PUT?digest
+// (empty) — the chunked flow a real docker daemon uses.
+func pushBlobChunked(t *testing.T, repo, image string, blob []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dgst := digestOf(blob)
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPost, api("/v2/"+repo+"/"+image+"/blobs/uploads/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("start upload: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	loc := resp.Header.Get("Location")
+
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodPatch, baseURL()+loc, blob, "application/octet-stream")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("patch upload: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if got := resp.Header.Get("Range"); got != fmt.Sprintf("0-%d", len(blob)-1) {
+		t.Fatalf("patch upload: unexpected Range %q", got)
+	}
+	loc = resp.Header.Get("Location")
+
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, baseURL()+loc+"?digest="+dgst, nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("finish upload: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalDockerPushPull exercises a full container push and pull against a
+// local docker repo using the Docker Registry HTTP API V2, the way a docker
+// client would: upload the config and layer blobs, push the manifest under a
+// tag, then pull the manifest and blobs back byte-identically.
+func TestLocalDockerPushPull(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"docker-internal","package_type":"docker","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "docker-internal")
+
+	const image = "team/app"
+	const tag = "v1.0.0"
+
+	// /v2/ version check.
+	resp, _ := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/v2/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("/v2/ ping: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	config := []byte(`{"architecture":"amd64","os":"linux","config":{},"rootfs":{"type":"layers","diff_ids":["sha256:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"]}}`)
+	layer := bytes.Repeat([]byte("artifactapi-layer-data-"), 4096) // ~90 KB opaque layer
+
+	configDigest := digestOf(config)
+	layerDigest := digestOf(layer)
+
+	// A brand-new blob should be absent (this is the client's mount check).
+	resp, _ = doRequest(t, http.MethodHead, api("/v2/"+"docker-internal/"+image+"/blobs/"+configDigest), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("pre-push blob HEAD: expected 404, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	pushBlobMonolithic(t, "docker-internal", image, config)
+	pushBlobChunked(t, "docker-internal", image, layer)
+
+	manifest := []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`{"schemaVersion":2,"mediaType":"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json","config":{"mediaType":"application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json","size":%d,"digest":%q},"layers":[{"mediaType":"application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip","size":%d,"digest":%q}]}`,
+		len(config), configDigest, len(layer), layerDigest))
+	manifestDigest := digestOf(manifest)
+	manifestType := "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/manifests/"+tag), manifest, manifestType)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("push manifest: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if got := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Content-Digest"); got != manifestDigest {
+		t.Fatalf("push manifest: digest %q want %q", got, manifestDigest)
+	}
+
+	// --- pull back ---
+
+	// Manifest by tag.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/manifests/"+tag), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("pull manifest by tag: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, manifest) {
+		t.Fatalf("pulled manifest bytes differ from pushed")
+	}
+	if ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"); ct != manifestType {
+		t.Fatalf("pulled manifest content-type %q want %q", ct, manifestType)
+	}
+	if got := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Content-Digest"); got != manifestDigest {
+		t.Fatalf("pulled manifest digest %q want %q", got, manifestDigest)
+	}
+
+	// Manifest by digest.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/manifests/"+manifestDigest), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || !bytes.Equal(body, manifest) {
+		t.Fatalf("pull manifest by digest: status %d, equal=%v", resp.StatusCode, bytes.Equal(body, manifest))
+	}
+
+	// Blobs by digest.
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		digest string
+		want   []byte
+	}{
+		{"config", configDigest, config},
+		{"layer", layerDigest, layer},
+	} {
+		resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/blobs/"+tc.digest), nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("pull %s blob: status %d", tc.name, resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(body, tc.want) {
+			t.Fatalf("pulled %s blob bytes differ", tc.name)
+		}
+		if got := resp.Header.Get("Docker-Content-Digest"); got != tc.digest {
+			t.Fatalf("pulled %s blob digest %q want %q", tc.name, got, tc.digest)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// tags/list reflects the pushed tag.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/tags/list"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("tags/list: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), `"`+tag+`"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("tags/list missing tag %q: %s", tag, body)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), `"docker-internal/`+image+`"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("tags/list wrong repository name: %s", body)
+	}
+
+	// A now-present blob HEAD should succeed (client would skip re-upload).
+	resp, _ = doRequest(t, http.MethodHead, api("/v2/docker-internal/"+image+"/blobs/"+layerDigest), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("post-push blob HEAD: expected 200, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/fixtures/blobs/hello.bin

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+hello artifactapi generic blob

e2e-docker/fixtures/gems/mygem-1.0.0.gem

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+mygem-1.0.0 e2e fixture

e2e-docker/fixtures/helm-a/index.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+entries:
+  alpha:
+    - name: alpha
+      version: 1.0.0
+      urls:
+        - charts/alpha-1.0.0.tgz
+generated: "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"

e2e-docker/fixtures/helm-b/index.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+entries:
+  beta:
+    - name: beta
+      version: 2.0.0
+      urls:
+        - charts/beta-2.0.0.tgz
+generated: "2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"

e2e-docker/fixtures/rpm-mirror/repodata/repomd.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<repomd xmlns="http://linux.duke.edu/metadata/repo" xmlns:rpm="http://linux.duke.edu/metadata/rpm">
+  <revision>1786573032</revision>
+  <data type="primary">
+    <checksum type="sha256">d82f717e4da1afe96b8e7857de9e852f5785c0d75734e50d0f8afdcbc6261b08</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">3345bb631380ae6c0620fe2a29cf7dff2ed4e28c5cb06c91e8a1628ba1979bcb</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/d82f717e4da1afe96b8e7857de9e852f5785c0d75734e50d0f8afdcbc6261b08-primary.xml.gz"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>631</size>
+    <open-size>1192</open-size>
+  </data>
+  <data type="filelists">
+    <checksum type="sha256">daa313cc5eeb7df556e1d4885d7701b10b9f012f436ef239fa46827f966222be</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">648bd0ce00fda09abbc6e9c3ff3278518a76f258576ac24cd10c12e41e0e5bd7</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/daa313cc5eeb7df556e1d4885d7701b10b9f012f436ef239fa46827f966222be-filelists.xml.gz"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>256</size>
+    <open-size>338</open-size>
+  </data>
+  <data type="other">
+    <checksum type="sha256">8510c74a6f288828bbc92abee5d0d8ae9687d3c31a2579ea95e31a4c3a320d85</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">c42cfd3843e9c53a60ad84bded44aa46c65faae7b3da99a099a9ca0b018872a9</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/8510c74a6f288828bbc92abee5d0d8ae9687d3c31a2579ea95e31a4c3a320d85-other.xml.gz"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>296</size>
+    <open-size>399</open-size>
+  </data>
+  <data type="primary_db">
+    <checksum type="sha256">f6bd7755da13d9726381048f467992869104a4c5521338ef740dc35eb85b9b71</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">c45c85d12ccb0f8172b7bfae466362c08ac1867559574a9fb9cb2118c04daddb</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/f6bd7755da13d9726381048f467992869104a4c5521338ef740dc35eb85b9b71-primary.sqlite.bz2"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>1740</size>
+    <open-size>106496</open-size>
+    <database_version>10</database_version>
+  </data>
+  <data type="filelists_db">
+    <checksum type="sha256">be3c6e4c7a13ece48bd5d6a4d6d5e6a2395fe006ef9c5f217f5b87144f465e57</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">1ccfa3dff532d782ce3225aae807506a4ce4534291386f1c47455dcc6b70cfd6</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/be3c6e4c7a13ece48bd5d6a4d6d5e6a2395fe006ef9c5f217f5b87144f465e57-filelists.sqlite.bz2"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>764</size>
+    <open-size>28672</open-size>
+    <database_version>10</database_version>
+  </data>
+  <data type="other_db">
+    <checksum type="sha256">ba593cd8ab5ec1e127888707c1fd882920996f1ce173fd7a589d647918fd7da4</checksum>
+    <open-checksum type="sha256">5d4d38380f0e359bfc0a50033d4faa84c75c5ae8fe2ef11c1c82d64748e9b8e2</open-checksum>
+    <location href="repodata/ba593cd8ab5ec1e127888707c1fd882920996f1ce173fd7a589d647918fd7da4-other.sqlite.bz2"/>
+    <timestamp>1786573032</timestamp>
+    <size>738</size>
+    <open-size>24576</open-size>
+    <database_version>10</database_version>
+  </data>
+</repomd>

e2e-docker/gems_local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestLocalGemsPushInstall drives stock gem and bundler clients against a
+// local gems repo: push two versions, reject a republish, gem install and
+// bundle install the latest via the compact index, then yank it and check a
+// re-push of the yanked version with different bytes is rejected.
+func TestLocalGemsPushInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	name := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-gems-local-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"gems","repo_type":"local"}`, name))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	src := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/") + "/api/v1/local/" + name
+	script := `set -euo pipefail
+export GEM_HOST_API_KEY=unused
+mk() { d=/w/src-$1${2:+-b}; mkdir -p $d/lib; cd $d
+  echo "module UnkinE2eHello; VERSION = '$1'; end${2:-}" > lib/unkin-e2e-hello.rb
+  printf 'Gem::Specification.new { |s| s.name = "unkin-e2e-hello"; s.version = "%s"; s.summary = "e2e"; s.authors = ["e2e"]; s.files = ["lib/unkin-e2e-hello.rb"] }' "$1" > g.gemspec
+  gem build g.gemspec >/dev/null 2>&1; }
+mk 0.1.0 && gem push --host "$SRC" unkin-e2e-hello-0.1.0.gem
+mk 0.2.0 && gem push --host "$SRC" unkin-e2e-hello-0.2.0.gem
+if gem push --host "$SRC" unkin-e2e-hello-0.2.0.gem; then echo "republish accepted"; exit 1; fi
+mkdir -p /w/app && cd /w/app
+printf -- "---\n:sources:\n- $SRC/\n" > ~/.gemrc
+gem install --no-document unkin-e2e-hello
+ruby -e 'require "unkin-e2e-hello"; puts "GEM #{UnkinE2eHello::VERSION}"'
+gem uninstall -a -x unkin-e2e-hello >/dev/null
+printf 'source "%s/"\ngem "unkin-e2e-hello"\n' "$SRC" > Gemfile
+bundle install
+bundle exec ruby -e 'require "unkin-e2e-hello"; puts "BUNDLE #{UnkinE2eHello::VERSION}"'
+gem yank unkin-e2e-hello -v 0.2.0 --host "$SRC"
+echo "INFO $(curl -s "$SRC/info/unkin-e2e-hello" | cut -d' ' -f1 | tr '\n' ' ')"
+mk 0.2.0 '# changed' && if gem push --host "$SRC" unkin-e2e-hello-0.2.0.gem; then echo "yanked re-push accepted"; exit 1; fi
+cd /w/app && gem uninstall -a -x unkin-e2e-hello >/dev/null
+if gem install --remote --no-document unkin-e2e-hello -v 0.2.0; then echo "yanked version installed"; exit 1; fi
+echo "VERSIONS $(curl -s "$SRC/versions" | grep '^unkin-e2e-hello ' | cut -d' ' -f2)"`
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network,
+		"-e", "SRC="+src, "ruby:3.3", "bash", "-c", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("gem client run failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"GEM 0.2.0", "BUNDLE 0.2.0", "INFO --- 0.1.0 ", "re-pushing a yanked version is not allowed", "VERSIONS 0.1.0\n"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("missing %q in gem output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/gems_virtual_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestVirtualGemsInstall pushes to two local gems repos and drives stock
+// bundler through a virtual over both: merged versions, member order winning a
+// duplicate version, and downloads redirected to the owning member.
+func TestVirtualGemsInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	id := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	a, b, virt := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-gems-a-%d", id), fmt.Sprintf("e2e-gems-b-%d", id), fmt.Sprintf("e2e-gems-v-%d", id)
+	for _, name := range []string{a, b} {
+		createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"gems","repo_type":"local"}`, name))
+		defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+	}
+	createVirtual(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"gems","members":[%q,%q]}`, virt, a, b))
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, virt)
+
+	base := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/")
+	script := `set -euo pipefail
+export GEM_HOST_API_KEY=unused
+pub() { d=/w/src-$1-$2; mkdir -p $d/lib; cd $d
+  echo "module UnkinE2eHello; VERSION = '$1:$2'; end" > lib/unkin-e2e-hello.rb
+  printf 'Gem::Specification.new { |s| s.name = "unkin-e2e-hello"; s.version = "%s"; s.summary = "e2e"; s.authors = ["e2e"]; s.files = ["lib/unkin-e2e-hello.rb"] }' "$2" > g.gemspec
+  gem build g.gemspec >/dev/null 2>&1; gem push --host "$BASE/api/v1/local/$1" unkin-e2e-hello-$2.gem; }
+pub "$A" 0.1.0
+pub "$B" 0.1.0
+pub "$B" 0.2.0
+V="$BASE/api/v1/virtual/$V"
+echo "VERSIONS $(curl -s "$V/versions" | grep '^unkin-e2e-hello ' | cut -d' ' -f2)"
+mkdir -p /w/app && cd /w/app
+printf 'source "%s/"\ngem "unkin-e2e-hello", "0.1.0"\n' "$V" > Gemfile
+bundle install
+bundle exec ruby -e 'require "unkin-e2e-hello"; puts "REQ #{UnkinE2eHello::VERSION}"'
+echo "REDIRECT $(curl -s -o /dev/null -w '%{redirect_url}' "$V/gems/unkin-e2e-hello-0.2.0.gem")"`
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network,
+		"-e", "BASE="+base, "-e", "A="+a, "-e", "B="+b, "-e", "V="+virt,
+		"ruby:3.3", "bash", "-c", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bundler run failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"VERSIONS 0.1.0,0.2.0",
+		"REQ " + a + ":0.1.0",
+		"REDIRECT " + base + "/api/v1/local/" + b + "/gems/unkin-e2e-hello-0.2.0.gem",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("missing %q in bundler output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/helm_local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestLocalHelmRealClient packages a chart with the real helm CLI, publishes it
+// to a helm local, then drives helm repo add/search/pull/template against the
+// local and against a helm virtual that has the local as a member.
+func TestLocalHelmRealClient(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := strings.TrimRight(os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL"), "/")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-helm","package_type":"helm","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-helm")
+	createVirtual(t, `{"name":"vhelm","package_type":"helm","members":["local-helm"]}`)
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, "vhelm")
+
+	helm := func(script string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network, "--entrypoint", "sh",
+			"alpine/helm:3.16.4", "-c", "set -eu; "+script).Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			stderr := ""
+			if ee, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+				stderr = string(ee.Stderr)
+			}
+			t.Fatalf("helm script failed: %v\n%s%s", err, out, stderr)
+		}
+		return string(out)
+	}
+
+	chart := helm("cd /tmp && helm create e2echart >/dev/null && helm package e2echart >/dev/null && cat e2echart-0.1.0.tgz")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-helm", "e2echart-0.1.0.tgz", []byte(chart), "application/gzip")
+
+	// Chart metadata is recorded asynchronously after upload; poll the index.
+	var body []byte
+	for deadline := time.Now().Add(15 * time.Second); time.Now().Before(deadline); time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond) {
+		var resp *http.Response
+		resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-helm/index.yaml"), nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK && strings.Contains(string(body), "e2echart-0.1.0.tgz") {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), "e2echart-0.1.0.tgz") || !strings.Contains(string(body), "digest: ") {
+		t.Fatalf("index.yaml never listed the chart:\n%s", body)
+	}
+
+	for _, repoURL := range []string{internal + "/api/v1/local/local-helm", internal + "/api/v1/virtual/vhelm"} {
+		out := helm("helm repo add e2e " + repoURL + " >/dev/null && " +
+			"helm search repo e2e/e2echart && " +
+			"cd /tmp && helm pull e2e/e2echart --version 0.1.0 && " +
+			"helm template rel e2echart-0.1.0.tgz | grep -c 'kind: Deployment'")
+		if !strings.Contains(out, "e2e/e2echart") || !strings.Contains(out, "0.1.0") || !strings.HasSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(out), "1") {
+			t.Fatalf("helm via %s:\n%s", repoURL, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+// Package e2edocker holds the black-box end-to-end suite that runs against a
+// fully dockerised artifactapi stack (see scripts/docker-e2e.sh). Unlike the
+// in-process e2e suite, these tests only speak HTTP to the running container.
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func baseURL() string {
+	if v := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_URL"); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return "http://localhost:8000"
+}
+
+// mockUpstream is the base URL the artifactapi *container* uses to reach the
+// static mock upstream. It is resolved on the compose network, not the host.
+func mockUpstream() string {
+	if v := os.Getenv("MOCK_UPSTREAM_INTERNAL"); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return "http://mockupstream"
+}
+
+func api(path string) string { return baseURL() + path }
+
+func fixtureBytes(t *testing.T, rel string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", rel))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read fixture %s: %v", rel, err)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func doRequest(t *testing.T, method, url string, body []byte, contentType string) (*http.Response, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var r io.Reader
+	if body != nil {
+		r = bytes.NewReader(body)
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(method, url, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s %s: %v", method, url, err)
+	}
+	if contentType != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", contentType)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s %s: %v", method, url, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	return resp, respBody
+}
+
+func createRepo(t *testing.T, jsonBody string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPost, api("/api/v2/remotes"), []byte(jsonBody), "application/json")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("create repo: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+}
+
+func deleteRepo(t *testing.T, name string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/remotes/"+name), nil, "")
+}
+
+func createVirtual(t *testing.T, jsonBody string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPost, api("/api/v2/virtuals"), []byte(jsonBody), "application/json")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("create virtual: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+}
+
+func deleteVirtual(t *testing.T, name string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/virtuals/"+name), nil, "")
+}
+
+// getEventually retries a GET until it returns 200 or the deadline passes. Used
+// for asynchronously-generated artifacts (e.g. rpm repodata after upload).
+func getEventually(t *testing.T, url string, timeout time.Duration) (*http.Response, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var body []byte
+	for {
+		resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK || time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			return resp, body
+		}
+		time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/leastconn_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestLeastConnMultiBaseURL configures an rpm remote with mirror_strategy =
+// least_conn over a two-mirror pool and drives distinct cache-miss paths through
+// it, asserting every request succeeds and both mirrors serve traffic. This
+// exercises the least-connections selection path (leastConnOrder + the in-flight
+// gauge inc/dec around each upstream call) end-to-end through a real HTTP client.
+// A precise least-loaded assertion is timing-sensitive over HTTP and is covered
+// deterministically by the proxy unit test (TestLeastConnPicksLeastLoaded);
+// here, with requests issued serially, in-flight counts return to zero between
+// them so equal-load mirrors are spread by the round-robin tie-break.
+func TestLeastConnMultiBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "e2e-leastconn"
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": %q,
+		"mirrorlist": [%q],
+		"mirror_strategy": "least_conn",
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstreamA(), mockUpstreamB()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	seenA, seenB := false, false
+	const n = 12
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		url := api(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/remote/%s/lc/%d", name, i))
+		resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: status %d: %s", i, resp.StatusCode, body)
+		}
+		switch strings.TrimSpace(string(body)) {
+		case "UPSTREAM-A":
+			seenA = true
+		case "UPSTREAM-B":
+			seenB = true
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: unexpected body %q", i, body)
+		}
+	}
+	if !seenA || !seenB {
+		t.Fatalf("least_conn remote did not reach both upstreams: A=%v B=%v", seenA, seenB)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLeastConnDnfInstall drives a real dnf (stock rockylinux container) at a
+// two-mirror rpm remote configured with mirror_strategy = least_conn whose
+// primary base_url is dead: makecache + install must succeed via the live mirror.
+// This proves a real package-manager client installs correctly through a
+// least_conn remote and that failover semantics are unchanged under the new
+// strategy. Requires the compose network exported by scripts/docker-e2e.sh.
+func TestLeastConnDnfInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	name := "e2e-leastconn-dnf"
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": "http://mockupstream-dead:80",
+		"mirrorlist": [%q],
+		"mirror_strategy": "least_conn",
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstream()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	repoURL := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/") + "/api/v1/remote/" + name + "/rpm-mirror"
+	repoConf := fmt.Sprintf("[dnflc]\nname=dnflc\nbaseurl=%s\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0\nsslverify=0\nmetadata_expire=0\n", repoURL)
+	script := "set -euo pipefail; " +
+		"printf '%s' \"$REPO\" > /etc/yum.repos.d/dnflc.repo; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=dnflc makecache; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=dnflc install e2e-testpkg; " +
+		"rpm -q e2e-testpkg"
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm",
+		"--network", network,
+		"-e", "REPO="+repoConf,
+		"rockylinux:9", "bash", "-c", script)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("real dnf install through a least_conn remote failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(out), "e2e-testpkg-1.0-1") {
+		t.Fatalf("dnf did not install the expected package via least_conn remote; output:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/testsupport"
+)
+
+func uploadFile(t *testing.T, repo, filePath string, body []byte, contentType string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	url := api("/api/v2/remotes/" + repo + "/files/" + filePath)
+	resp, respBody := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, url, body, contentType)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("upload %s: status %d: %s", filePath, resp.StatusCode, respBody)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalGenericUpload uploads a generic file and downloads it back.
+func TestLocalGenericUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-generic","package_type":"generic","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-generic")
+
+	content := []byte("artifactapi local generic upload payload")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-generic", "data/hello.bin", content, "application/octet-stream")
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-generic/data/hello.bin"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("download: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, content) {
+		t.Fatalf("downloaded content mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalPyPIUpload uploads a wheel and validates the generated simple index.
+func TestLocalPyPIUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-pypi","package_type":"pypi","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-pypi")
+
+	wheel := fixtureBytes(t, "packages/foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-pypi", "foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl", wheel, "application/zip")
+
+	// Root index lists the package.
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-pypi/simple/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("simple index: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), "foo") {
+		t.Fatalf("simple index missing package 'foo': %s", body)
+	}
+
+	// Per-package index lists the wheel file.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-pypi/simple/foo/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("package index: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), "foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl") {
+		t.Fatalf("package index missing wheel: %s", body)
+	}
+
+	// The wheel downloads back byte-identical.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-pypi/foo/foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("download wheel: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, wheel) {
+		t.Fatalf("wheel content mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalRPMRepodata uploads a real RPM and validates that repodata is
+// generated automatically (the special rpm-local feature).
+func TestLocalRPMRepodata(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-rpm","package_type":"rpm","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-rpm")
+
+	rpm := fixtureBytes(t, "rpmrepo/Packages/e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-rpm", "e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm", rpm, "application/x-rpm")
+
+	// repodata is generated asynchronously after upload; poll for it.
+	resp, body := getEventually(t, api("/api/v1/local/local-rpm/repodata/repomd.xml"), 15*time.Second)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("repomd.xml: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	s := string(body)
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "<repomd") || !strings.Contains(s, "primary") {
+		t.Fatalf("repomd.xml not a valid repodata document: %s", s)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalDebRepo uploads a .deb and validates that the flat apt index
+// (Packages / Release) is generated automatically from the parsed control
+// stanza (the deb-local analog of rpm repodata generation).
+func TestLocalDebRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-deb","package_type":"deb","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-deb")
+
+	deb := testsupport.MinimalDeb("e2e-testpkg", "1.0.0", "amd64")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-deb", "e2e-testpkg_1.0.0_amd64.deb", deb, "application/vnd.debian.binary-package")
+
+	// The index is generated asynchronously after upload; poll for it.
+	resp, body := getEventually(t, api("/api/v1/local/local-deb/Packages"), 15*time.Second)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("Packages: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	pkgs := string(body)
+	for _, want := range []string{"Package: e2e-testpkg", "Version: 1.0.0", "Architecture: amd64", "Filename: pool/e2e-testpkg_1.0.0_amd64.deb", "SHA256:"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(pkgs, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("Packages missing %q:\n%s", want, pkgs)
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-deb/Release"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("Release: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	rel := string(body)
+	for _, want := range []string{"Architectures: amd64", "SHA256:", "Packages"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(rel, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("Release missing %q:\n%s", want, rel)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The .deb downloads back byte-identical from its pool path.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-deb/pool/e2e-testpkg_1.0.0_amd64.deb"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("download deb: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, deb) {
+		t.Fatalf("deb content mismatch")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalAlpineIndex uploads an .apk to an alpine local repo and validates
+// that a per-arch APKINDEX.tar.gz is generated automatically from the parsed
+// .PKGINFO (the apk-local analog of rpm repodata / deb Packages generation).
+func TestLocalAlpineIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-alpine","package_type":"alpine","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-alpine")
+
+	apk := testsupport.MinimalApk("e2e-testpkg", "1.0-r0", "x86_64")
+	uploadFile(t, "local-alpine", "x86_64/e2e-testpkg-1.0-r0.apk", apk, "application/vnd.android.package-archive")
+
+	// The index is generated asynchronously after upload; poll for it.
+	resp, body := getEventually(t, api("/api/v1/local/local-alpine/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz"), 15*time.Second)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("APKINDEX: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+
+	zr, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("APKINDEX not gzip: %v", err)
+	}
+	tarBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(zr)
+	tr := tar.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(tarBytes))
+	var index string
+	for {
+		hdr, err := tr.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("APKINDEX not tar: %v", err)
+		}
+		if hdr.Name == "APKINDEX" {
+			b, _ := io.ReadAll(tr)
+			index = string(b)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"P:e2e-testpkg", "V:1.0-r0", "A:x86_64", "C:Q1", "S:", "I:"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(index, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("APKINDEX missing %q:\n%s", want, index)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The .apk downloads back byte-identical from its arch path.
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/local/local-alpine/x86_64/e2e-testpkg-1.0-r0.apk"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("download apk: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(body, apk) {
+		t.Fatalf("apk content mismatch")
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/mirror-conf/a.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Mock upstream A for the multi-base_url e2e: any path returns a constant,
+# upstream-identifying body so round-robin distribution is observable.
+server {
+    listen 80;
+    location / {
+        default_type text/plain;
+        return 200 "UPSTREAM-A";
+    }
+}

e2e-docker/mirror-conf/b.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Mock upstream B for the multi-base_url e2e (see a.conf).
+server {
+    listen 80;
+    location / {
+        default_type text/plain;
+        return 200 "UPSTREAM-B";
+    }
+}

e2e-docker/multibaseurl_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// mockUpstreamA/B are the constant-body upstreams (see docker-compose.e2e.yml)
+// that let the round-robin test observe which mirror served each request.
+func mockUpstreamA() string {
+	if v := os.Getenv("MOCK_UPSTREAM_A_INTERNAL"); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return "http://mockupstreama"
+}
+
+func mockUpstreamB() string {
+	if v := os.Getenv("MOCK_UPSTREAM_B_INTERNAL"); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return "http://mockupstreamb"
+}
+
+// TestMultiBaseURLRoundRobin configures an rpm remote with base_url = mirror A
+// and mirrorlist = [mirror B] and drives distinct paths through it, asserting
+// both mirrors serve traffic. Each path is a cache miss, so every request reaches
+// upstream and the round-robin cursor alternates mirrors.
+func TestMultiBaseURLRoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "e2e-rr"
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": %q,
+		"mirrorlist": [%q],
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstreamA(), mockUpstreamB()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	seenA, seenB := false, false
+	const n = 12
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		url := api(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/remote/%s/rr/%d", name, i))
+		resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: status %d: %s", i, resp.StatusCode, body)
+		}
+		switch strings.TrimSpace(string(body)) {
+		case "UPSTREAM-A":
+			seenA = true
+		case "UPSTREAM-B":
+			seenB = true
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: unexpected body %q", i, body)
+		}
+	}
+	if !seenA || !seenB {
+		t.Fatalf("round-robin did not reach both upstreams: A=%v B=%v", seenA, seenB)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMultiBaseURLFailover points a two-mirror remote at a dead primary and a
+// healthy secondary and asserts every request still succeeds via the secondary.
+func TestMultiBaseURLFailover(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "e2e-failover"
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": "http://mockupstream-dead:80",
+		"mirrorlist": [%q],
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstreamB()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
+		url := api(fmt.Sprintf("/api/v1/remote/%s/fo/%d", name, i))
+		resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, url, nil, "")
+		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: dead primary broke fetch: status %d: %s", i, resp.StatusCode, body)
+		}
+		if got := strings.TrimSpace(string(body)); got != "UPSTREAM-B" {
+			t.Fatalf("request %d: body %q, want UPSTREAM-B (served via failover)", i, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSingleBaseURLRegression asserts a remote with no mirrorlist works exactly
+// as before the mirrorlist change.
+func TestSingleBaseURLRegression(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "e2e-single"
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": %q,
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstreamA()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/remote/"+name+"/solo/0"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("single-url fetch: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if got := strings.TrimSpace(string(body)); got != "UPSTREAM-A" {
+		t.Fatalf("single-url body %q, want UPSTREAM-A", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMultiBaseURLDnfFailover drives a real dnf (stock rockylinux container) at
+// a two-mirror rpm remote whose primary is dead: makecache + install must
+// succeed via the live secondary mirror, proving a dead mirror does not break a
+// real package-manager client. Requires the compose network and internal API
+// URL exported by scripts/docker-e2e.sh; skipped when run standalone.
+func TestMultiBaseURLDnfFailover(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	name := "e2e-dnf-failover"
+	// Primary base_url is dead; the live mirror serves the real yum repo under
+	// fixtures/rpm-mirror via the shared mock upstream.
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{
+		"name": %q,
+		"package_type": "rpm",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": "http://mockupstream-dead:80",
+		"mirrorlist": [%q],
+		"stale_on_error": false
+	}`, name, mockUpstream()))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	repoURL := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/") + "/api/v1/remote/" + name + "/rpm-mirror"
+	repoConf := fmt.Sprintf("[dnffo]\nname=dnffo\nbaseurl=%s\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0\nsslverify=0\nmetadata_expire=0\n", repoURL)
+	script := "set -euo pipefail; " +
+		"printf '%s' \"$REPO\" > /etc/yum.repos.d/dnffo.repo; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=dnffo makecache; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=dnffo install e2e-testpkg; " +
+		"rpm -q e2e-testpkg"
+
+	cmd := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm",
+		"--network", network,
+		"-e", "REPO="+repoConf,
+		"rockylinux:9", "bash", "-c", script)
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("real dnf install through a dead primary mirror failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(out), "e2e-testpkg-1.0-1") {
+		t.Fatalf("dnf did not install the expected package via failover; output:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/npm_local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestLocalNPMPublishInstall drives a stock npm client against a local npm
+// repo: publish unscoped and scoped packages, install and require() them in a
+// fresh project, publish a second version, and reject a republish.
+func TestLocalNPMPublishInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	name := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-npm-local-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"npm","repo_type":"local"}`, name))
+	defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+
+	reg := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/") + "/api/v1/local/" + name + "/"
+	script := `set -euo pipefail
+printf 'registry=%s\n%s:_authToken=unused\n' "$REG" "${REG#http:}" > ~/.npmrc
+mk() { d="/w/src/$1-$2"; mkdir -p "$d"; cd "$d"
+  printf '{"name":"%s","version":"%s","main":"index.js"}' "$1" "$2" > package.json
+  echo "module.exports = '$1@$2';" > index.js; }
+mk e2e-npm-plain 1.0.0 && npm publish
+mk @e2e/npm-scoped 1.0.0 && npm publish
+mk e2e-npm-plain 1.0.0
+if npm publish 2>/dev/null; then echo "republish accepted"; exit 1; fi
+mkdir -p /w/app && cd /w/app && npm init -y >/dev/null
+npm install --no-audit --cache /tmp/fresh-cache e2e-npm-plain @e2e/npm-scoped
+node -e "console.log('REQ', require('e2e-npm-plain'), require('@e2e/npm-scoped'))"
+mk e2e-npm-plain 1.1.0 && npm publish
+echo "VERSIONS $(npm view e2e-npm-plain versions --json | tr -d ' \n')"
+echo "LATEST $(npm view e2e-npm-plain dist-tags.latest)"`
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network,
+		"-e", "REG="+reg, "node:22", "bash", "-c", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("npm client run failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"REQ e2e-npm-plain@1.0.0 @e2e/npm-scoped@1.0.0",
+		`VERSIONS ["1.0.0","1.1.0"]`,
+		"LATEST 1.1.0",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("missing %q in npm output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/npm_virtual_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestVirtualNPMInstall publishes to two local npm repos and drives a stock
+// npm client through a virtual over both: merged versions and dist-tags, and
+// an install whose tarballs resolve via the virtual's member redirect.
+func TestVirtualNPMInstall(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	id := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	a, b, virt := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-npm-a-%d", id), fmt.Sprintf("e2e-npm-b-%d", id), fmt.Sprintf("e2e-npm-v-%d", id)
+	for _, name := range []string{a, b} {
+		createRepo(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"npm","repo_type":"local"}`, name))
+		defer deleteRepo(t, name)
+	}
+	createVirtual(t, fmt.Sprintf(`{"name":%q,"package_type":"npm","members":[%q,%q]}`, virt, a, b))
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, virt)
+
+	base := strings.TrimRight(internal, "/")
+	script := `set -euo pipefail
+pub() { d="/w/src/$2-$3-$1"; mkdir -p "$d"; cd "$d"
+  printf '{"name":"%s","version":"%s","main":"index.js"}' "$2" "$3" > package.json
+  echo "module.exports = '$1:$2@$3';" > index.js
+  printf 'registry=%s\n%s:_authToken=unused\n' "$BASE/api/v1/local/$1/" "${BASE#http:}/api/v1/local/$1/" > .npmrc
+  npm publish; }
+pub "$A" @e2e/virt 1.0.0
+pub "$B" @e2e/virt 1.0.0
+pub "$B" @e2e/virt 1.1.0
+mkdir -p /w/app && cd /w/app && npm init -y >/dev/null
+echo "registry=$BASE/api/v1/virtual/$V/" > .npmrc
+echo "VERSIONS $(npm view @e2e/virt versions --json | tr -d ' \n')"
+npm install --no-audit --cache /tmp/fresh-cache @e2e/virt@1.0.0
+node -e "console.log('REQ', require('@e2e/virt'))"
+echo "RESOLVED $(node -p "require('./package-lock.json').packages['node_modules/@e2e/virt'].resolved")"`
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network,
+		"-e", "BASE="+base, "-e", "A="+a, "-e", "B="+b, "-e", "V="+virt,
+		"node:22", "bash", "-c", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("npm client run failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		`VERSIONS ["1.0.0","1.1.0"]`,
+		"REQ " + a + ":@e2e/virt@1.0.0",
+		"RESOLVED " + base + "/api/v1/virtual/" + virt + "/" + a + "/@e2e/virt/-/virt-1.0.0.tgz",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+			t.Fatalf("missing %q in npm output:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/puppet_local_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const puppetHelloMetadata = `{"name":"unkin-hello","version":"0.1.0","author":"unkin","summary":"e2e","license":"Apache-2.0","source":"https://example.invalid","dependencies":[{"name":"puppetlabs/stdlib","version_requirement":">= 4.0.0 < 10.0.0"}]}`
+
+func puppetModuleTarball(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	zw := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(zw)
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"unkin-hello-0.1.0/metadata.json":     puppetHelloMetadata,
+		"unkin-hello-0.1.0/manifests/init.pp": "class hello {}\n",
+	} {
+		if err := tw.WriteHeader(&tar.Header{Name: name, Mode: 0o644, Size: int64(len(body)), ModTime: time.Now()}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		_, _ = tw.Write([]byte(body))
+	}
+	_ = tw.Close()
+	_ = zw.Close()
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// TestLocalPuppetRealClient publishes a module to a puppet local and installs
+// it with the real r10k and puppet module tool. The stdlib dependency is not on
+// a local-only forge, so puppet runs with --ignore-dependencies.
+func TestLocalPuppetRealClient(t *testing.T) {
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := strings.TrimRight(os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL"), "/")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; run via scripts/docker-e2e.sh")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"local-puppet","package_type":"puppet","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "local-puppet")
+
+	upload := api("/api/v2/remotes/local-puppet/files/unkin-hello-0.1.0.tar.gz")
+	defer doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/remotes/local-puppet/files/v3/files/unkin-hello-0.1.0.tar.gz"), nil, "")
+	tarball := puppetModuleTarball(t)
+	if resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, upload, tarball, "application/gzip"); resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("upload: %d %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	if resp, _ := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, upload, tarball, "application/gzip"); resp.StatusCode != http.StatusConflict {
+		t.Fatalf("re-upload of an existing version: %d, want 409", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if resp, body := getEventually(t, api("/api/v1/local/local-puppet/v3/releases/unkin-hello-0.1.0"), 15*time.Second); resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || !strings.Contains(string(body), `"file_md5"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("release never indexed: %d %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+
+	forge := internal + "/api/v1/local/local-puppet"
+	run := func(image, script string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network, "--entrypoint", "sh", image, "-c", "set -eu; "+script).CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s failed: %v\n%s", image, err, out)
+		}
+		return string(out)
+	}
+
+	out := run("ghcr.io/voxpupuli/r10k:latest", "cd /tmp && printf 'forge:\\n  baseurl: "+forge+"\\n' > r10k.yaml && "+
+		"printf \"forge '"+forge+"'\\nmod 'unkin-hello', '0.1.0'\\n\" > Puppetfile && "+
+		"r10k puppetfile install -c r10k.yaml --verbose && cat modules/hello/metadata.json")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, `"unkin-hello"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("r10k did not install unkin-hello:\n%s", out)
+	}
+
+	out = run("ghcr.io/openvoxproject/openvoxagent:latest", "export PATH=/opt/puppetlabs/bin:$PATH; puppet module install unkin-hello --module_repository "+forge+" --ignore-dependencies --target-dir /tmp/mods && puppet module list --color=false --modulepath /tmp/mods")
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "unkin-hello (v0.1.0)") {
+		t.Fatalf("puppet module install did not install unkin-hello:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}

e2e-docker/repos_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestHealth(t *testing.T) {
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/health"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("health: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRemoteLifecycle covers add/change/delete for a remote repository.
+func TestRemoteLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{
+		"name": "crud-remote",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"repo_type": "remote",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"mutable_ttl": 600,
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "crud-remote")
+
+	got := getRepo(t, "crud-remote")
+	if got["base_url"] != "https://example.com" || got["mutable_ttl"].(float64) != 600 {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected created remote: %v", got)
+	}
+
+	// change
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, api("/api/v2/remotes/crud-remote"), []byte(`{
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://updated.example.com",
+		"mutable_ttl": 120,
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`), "application/json")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("update remote: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	got = getRepo(t, "crud-remote")
+	if got["base_url"] != "https://updated.example.com" || got["mutable_ttl"].(float64) != 120 {
+		t.Fatalf("update not applied: %v", got)
+	}
+
+	// delete
+	resp, _ = doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/remotes/crud-remote"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Fatalf("delete remote: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	resp, _ = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v2/remotes/crud-remote"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 404 after delete, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLocalLifecycle covers add/delete for a local repository.
+func TestLocalLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{
+		"name": "crud-local",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"repo_type": "local"
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "crud-local")
+
+	got := getRepo(t, "crud-local")
+	if got["repo_type"] != "local" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected repo_type local, got %v", got["repo_type"])
+	}
+
+	resp, _ := doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/remotes/crud-local"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Fatalf("delete local: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVirtualLifecycle covers add/change/delete for a virtual repository.
+func TestVirtualLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"vmem-a","package_type":"helm","repo_type":"remote","base_url":"https://a.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"vmem-b","package_type":"helm","repo_type":"remote","base_url":"https://b.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "vmem-a")
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "vmem-b")
+
+	createVirtual(t, `{
+		"name": "crud-virtual",
+		"package_type": "helm",
+		"members": ["vmem-a"]
+	}`)
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, "crud-virtual")
+
+	// change members
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodPut, api("/api/v2/virtuals/crud-virtual"), []byte(`{
+		"package_type": "helm",
+		"members": ["vmem-a", "vmem-b"]
+	}`), "application/json")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("update virtual: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+
+	resp, body = doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v2/virtuals/crud-virtual"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("get virtual: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	var v map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &v); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode virtual: %v", err)
+	}
+	members, _ := v["members"].([]any)
+	if len(members) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 members after update, got %v", v["members"])
+	}
+
+	resp, _ = doRequest(t, http.MethodDelete, api("/api/v2/virtuals/crud-virtual"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Fatalf("delete virtual: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func getRepo(t *testing.T, name string) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v2/remotes/"+name), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("get remote %s: status %d: %s", name, resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode remote %s: %v", name, err)
+	}
+	return m
+}

e2e-docker/virtual_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//go:build dockere2e
+
+package e2edocker
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/xml"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestVirtualPyPIMerge uploads different packages to two pypi locals and
+// checks that a virtual over them serves a merged simple index.
+func TestVirtualPyPIMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"pmerge-a","package_type":"pypi","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"pmerge-b","package_type":"pypi","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "pmerge-a")
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "pmerge-b")
+
+	uploadFile(t, "pmerge-a", "foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl", fixtureBytes(t, "packages/foo-1.0-py3-none-any.whl"), "application/zip")
+	uploadFile(t, "pmerge-b", "bar-2.0-py3-none-any.whl", []byte("bar wheel payload"), "application/zip")
+
+	createVirtual(t, `{"name":"pmerge-v","package_type":"pypi","members":["pmerge-a","pmerge-b"]}`)
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, "pmerge-v")
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/virtual/pmerge-v/simple/"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("virtual simple index: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	s := string(body)
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "foo") || !strings.Contains(s, "bar") {
+		t.Fatalf("merged index missing a member package (want foo and bar): %s", s)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVirtualHelmMerge points two helm remotes at mock index.yaml documents
+// with distinct charts and checks the virtual merges both into one index.
+func TestVirtualHelmMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"hmerge-a","package_type":"helm","repo_type":"remote","base_url":"`+mockUpstream()+`/helm-a","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"hmerge-b","package_type":"helm","repo_type":"remote","base_url":"`+mockUpstream()+`/helm-b","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "hmerge-a")
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "hmerge-b")
+
+	createVirtual(t, `{"name":"hmerge-v","package_type":"helm","members":["hmerge-a","hmerge-b"]}`)
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, "hmerge-v")
+
+	resp, body := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/virtual/hmerge-v/index.yaml"), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("virtual index.yaml: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	s := string(body)
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "alpha") || !strings.Contains(s, "beta") {
+		t.Fatalf("merged helm index missing a member chart (want alpha and beta): %s", s)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestVirtualRPMMerge merges a remote rpm repo and a local rpm repo carrying the
+// same package: the first member wins the duplicate, its package download
+// routes through the virtual, and a real dnf can consume the merged repo.
+func TestVirtualRPMMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"vrpm-remote","package_type":"rpm","repo_type":"remote","base_url":"`+mockUpstream()+`/rpm-mirror","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	createRepo(t, `{"name":"vrpm-local","package_type":"rpm","repo_type":"local"}`)
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "vrpm-remote")
+	defer deleteRepo(t, "vrpm-local")
+
+	pkg := fixtureBytes(t, "rpmrepo/Packages/e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm")
+	uploadFile(t, "vrpm-local", "e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm", pkg, "application/x-rpm")
+
+	createVirtual(t, `{"name":"vrpm","package_type":"rpm","members":["vrpm-remote","vrpm-local"]}`)
+	defer deleteVirtual(t, "vrpm")
+
+	resp, body := getEventually(t, api("/api/v1/virtual/vrpm/repodata/repomd.xml"), 15*time.Second)
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("virtual repomd.xml: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+	var md struct {
+		Data []struct {
+			Type     string `xml:"type,attr"`
+			Location struct {
+				Href string `xml:"href,attr"`
+			} `xml:"location"`
+		} `xml:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := xml.Unmarshal(body, &md); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse repomd.xml: %v\n%s", err, body)
+	}
+	var primary []byte
+	for _, d := range md.Data {
+		if d.Type == "primary" {
+			resp, gz := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/virtual/vrpm/"+d.Location.Href), nil, "")
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+				t.Fatalf("primary: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+			}
+			r, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(gz))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			primary, _ = io.ReadAll(r)
+		}
+	}
+	href := "vrpm-remote/Packages/e2e-testpkg-1.0-1.noarch.rpm"
+	if strings.Count(string(primary), "<name>e2e-testpkg</name>") != 1 || !strings.Contains(string(primary), `href="`+href+`"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("merged primary should hold one e2e-testpkg owned by the first member:\n%s", primary)
+	}
+
+	resp, got := doRequest(t, http.MethodGet, api("/api/v1/virtual/vrpm/"+href), nil, "")
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || !bytes.Equal(got, pkg) {
+		t.Fatalf("package via virtual: status %d, %d bytes (want %d)", resp.StatusCode, len(got), len(pkg))
+	}
+
+	network := os.Getenv("COMPOSE_NETWORK")
+	internal := os.Getenv("ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL")
+	if network == "" || internal == "" {
+		t.Skip("COMPOSE_NETWORK/ARTIFACTAPI_INTERNAL not set; skipping real dnf")
+	}
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("docker"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("docker not available on the test host")
+	}
+	repoConf := fmt.Sprintf("[vrpm]\nname=vrpm\nbaseurl=%s/api/v1/virtual/vrpm/\nenabled=1\ngpgcheck=0\nmetadata_expire=0\n", strings.TrimRight(internal, "/"))
+	script := "set -euo pipefail; " +
+		"printf '%s' \"$REPO\" > /etc/yum.repos.d/vrpm.repo; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=vrpm makecache; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=vrpm list --available; " +
+		"dnf -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo=vrpm install e2e-testpkg; " +
+		"rpm -q e2e-testpkg"
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "run", "--rm", "--network", network, "-e", "REPO="+repoConf,
+		"rockylinux:9", "bash", "-c", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("real dnf against rpm virtual failed: %v\n%s", err, out)
+	}
+}

e2e/e2e_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	tcpostgres "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/postgres"
+	tcredis "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/redis"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/wait"
+
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/config"
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/server"
+)
+
+var baseURL string
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	pgContainer, err := tcpostgres.Run(ctx,
+		"postgres:17-alpine",
+		tcpostgres.WithDatabase("artifacts"),
+		tcpostgres.WithUsername("artifacts"),
+		tcpostgres.WithPassword("artifacts123"),
+		testcontainers.WithWaitStrategy(
+			wait.ForListeningPort("5432/tcp").WithStartupTimeout(30*time.Second),
+		),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("postgres: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer pgContainer.Terminate(ctx)
+
+	redisContainer, err := tcredis.Run(ctx,
+		"redis:7-alpine",
+		testcontainers.WithWaitStrategy(
+			wait.ForListeningPort("6379/tcp").WithStartupTimeout(30*time.Second),
+		),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("redis: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer redisContainer.Terminate(ctx)
+
+	minioContainer, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+			Image:        "minio/minio:latest",
+			ExposedPorts: []string{"9000/tcp"},
+			Cmd:          []string{"server", "/data"},
+			Env: map[string]string{
+				"MINIO_ROOT_USER":     "minioadmin",
+				"MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD": "minioadmin",
+			},
+			WaitingFor: wait.ForHTTP("/minio/health/live").WithPort("9000/tcp").WithStartupTimeout(30 * time.Second),
+		},
+		Started: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("minio: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer minioContainer.Terminate(ctx)
+
+	pgHost, _ := pgContainer.Host(ctx)
+	pgPort, _ := pgContainer.MappedPort(ctx, "5432/tcp")
+	redisHost, _ := redisContainer.Host(ctx)
+	redisPort, _ := redisContainer.MappedPort(ctx, "6379/tcp")
+	minioHost, _ := minioContainer.Host(ctx)
+	minioPort, _ := minioContainer.MappedPort(ctx, "9000/tcp")
+
+	os.Setenv("DBHOST", pgHost)
+	os.Setenv("DBPORT", pgPort.Port())
+	os.Setenv("DBUSER", "artifacts")
+	os.Setenv("DBPASS", "artifacts123")
+	os.Setenv("DBNAME", "artifacts")
+	os.Setenv("DBSSL", "disable")
+	os.Setenv("REDIS_URL", fmt.Sprintf("redis://%s:%s", redisHost, redisPort.Port()))
+	os.Setenv("MINIO_ENDPOINT", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", minioHost, minioPort.Port()))
+	os.Setenv("MINIO_ACCESS_KEY", "minioadmin")
+	os.Setenv("MINIO_SECRET_KEY", "minioadmin")
+	os.Setenv("MINIO_BUCKET", "artifacts-test")
+	os.Setenv("MINIO_SECURE", "false")
+	os.Setenv("LISTEN_ADDR", ":0")
+
+	cfg, err := config.Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("config: %v", err)
+	}
+	cfg.ListenAddr = "127.0.0.1:0"
+
+	srv, err := server.New(cfg, "e2e-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srvCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	addr := startServer(srvCtx, srv)
+	baseURL = "http://" + addr
+
+	code := m.Run()
+	cancel()
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
+
+func startServer(ctx context.Context, srv *server.Server) string {
+	ln, err := findListener()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	addr := ln.Addr().String()
+
+	go srv.RunOnListener(ctx, ln)
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		resp, err := http.Get("http://" + addr + "/health")
+		if err == nil && resp.StatusCode == 200 {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+			return addr
+		}
+		if resp != nil {
+			resp.Body.Close()
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	log.Fatalf("server did not start in time at %s", addr)
+	return ""
+}

e2e/head_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.unkin.net/unkin/artifactapi/internal/testsupport"
+)
+
+// assertHeadMatchesGet checks HEAD returns GET's status, type and length with no body.
+func assertHeadMatchesGet(t *testing.T, url string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	get, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET: %v", err)
+	}
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(get.Body)
+	get.Body.Close()
+	if get.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: %d %s", url, get.StatusCode, body)
+	}
+
+	head, err := http.Head(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD: %v", err)
+	}
+	hb, _ := io.ReadAll(head.Body)
+	head.Body.Close()
+	if head.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD %s: got %d, want 200", url, head.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if len(hb) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("HEAD returned a %d-byte body", len(hb))
+	}
+	for _, h := range []string{"Content-Type", "Cache-Control", "Vary"} {
+		if head.Header.Get(h) != get.Header.Get(h) {
+			t.Errorf("HEAD %s %q, GET %q", h, head.Header.Get(h), get.Header.Get(h))
+		}
+	}
+	if head.ContentLength != int64(len(body)) {
+		t.Errorf("HEAD Content-Length %d, GET body %d bytes", head.ContentLength, len(body))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadNuGetRewritten(t *testing.T) {
+	var upstream *httptest.Server
+	upstream = httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"version": "3.0.0", "resources": []map[string]string{
+			{"@id": upstream.URL + "/v3-flatcontainer/", "@type": "PackageBaseAddress/3.0.0"},
+		}})
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	createRemote(t, mustFormat(`{"name": "head-nuget", "package_type": "nuget", "base_url": %q}`, upstream.URL+"/v3/index.json"))
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "head-nuget")
+
+	url := apiURL("/api/v1/remote/head-nuget/index.json")
+	assertHeadMatchesGet(t, url)
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, url, nil)
+	req.Host = "evil.example:"
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Errorf("HEAD with invalid Host: got %d, want 400", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadGitHubRPMRepodata(t *testing.T) {
+	rpm := testsupport.MinimalRPM("demo", "1.2", "3", "x86_64")
+	var gh *httptest.Server
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/repos/acme/tools/releases", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if p := r.URL.Query().Get("page"); p != "" && p != "1" {
+			w.Write([]byte("[]"))
+			return
+		}
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode([]map[string]any{{"tag_name": "v1.2-3", "assets": []map[string]any{{
+			"name":                 "demo-1.2-3.x86_64.rpm",
+			"size":                 len(rpm),
+			"browser_download_url": gh.URL + "/acme/tools/releases/download/v1.2-3/demo-1.2-3.x86_64.rpm",
+		}}}})
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/acme/tools/releases/download/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(rpm)))
+		w.Write(rpm)
+	})
+	gh = httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer gh.Close()
+
+	createRemote(t, mustFormat(`{"name": "head-ghrpm", "package_type": "github_rpm", "base_url": %q, "releases_remote": "github"}`, gh.URL+"/repos/acme/tools"))
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "head-ghrpm")
+
+	url := apiURL("/api/v1/remote/head-ghrpm/repodata/repomd.xml")
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Second)
+	for {
+		if _, status := getBody(t, url); status == http.StatusOK || time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	assertHeadMatchesGet(t, url)
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadNpmUncachedPackument(t *testing.T) {
+	const abbreviated = "application/vnd.npm.install-v1+json"
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		doc := map[string]any{"name": "left-pad", "versions": map[string]any{"1.3.0": map[string]any{}}}
+		if r.Header.Get("Accept") != abbreviated {
+			doc["readme"] = strings.Repeat("full packument ", 200)
+		}
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(doc)
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	createRemote(t, mustFormat(`{"name": "head-npm", "package_type": "npm", "base_url": %q}`, upstream.URL))
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "head-npm")
+
+	url := apiURL("/api/v1/remote/head-npm/left-pad")
+	do := func(method string) (*http.Response, []byte) {
+		req, _ := http.NewRequest(method, url, nil)
+		req.Header.Set("Accept", abbreviated)
+		resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", method, err)
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return resp, b
+	}
+	head, _ := do(http.MethodHead)
+	get, body := do(http.MethodGet)
+	if head.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || get.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD %d, GET %d", head.StatusCode, get.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if head.ContentLength != int64(len(body)) {
+		t.Errorf("uncached HEAD Content-Length %d, GET body %d bytes", head.ContentLength, len(body))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadNonRewritingUsesUpstreamHead(t *testing.T) {
+	methods := make(chan string, 4)
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		methods <- r.Method
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/xml")
+		w.Write([]byte("<repomd/>"))
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+
+	createRemote(t, mustFormat(`{"name": "head-rpm", "package_type": "rpm", "base_url": %q}`, upstream.URL))
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "head-rpm")
+
+	resp, err := http.Head(apiURL("/api/v1/remote/head-rpm/repodata/repomd.xml"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK || resp.Header.Get("X-Artifact-Source") != "remote" {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD %d source %q", resp.StatusCode, resp.Header.Get("X-Artifact-Source"))
+	}
+	close(methods)
+	var seen []string
+	for m := range methods {
+		seen = append(seen, m)
+	}
+	if len(seen) != 1 || seen[0] != http.MethodHead {
+		t.Errorf("upstream saw %v, want a single HEAD", seen)
+	}
+}

e2e/helpers_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func findListener() (net.Listener, error) {
+	return net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+}
+
+func apiURL(path string) string {
+	return baseURL + path
+}
+
+func createRemote(t *testing.T, body string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, err := http.Post(apiURL("/api/v2/remotes"), "application/json", strings.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create remote: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		t.Fatalf("create remote: status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, b)
+	}
+}
+
+func deleteRemote(t *testing.T, name string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/"+name), nil)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("delete remote: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+}
+
+func getJSON(t *testing.T, url string) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: %v", url, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: status %d: %s", url, resp.StatusCode, b)
+	}
+	var result map[string]any
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func getBody(t *testing.T, url string) ([]byte, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: %v", url, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	b, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	return b, resp.StatusCode
+}
+
+func getString(t *testing.T, url string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, status := getBody(t, url)
+	if status != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: status %d: %s", url, status, b)
+	}
+	return string(b)
+}
+
+func assertStatus(t *testing.T, url string, wantStatus int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: %v", url, err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != wantStatus {
+		t.Errorf("GET %s: got %d, want %d", url, resp.StatusCode, wantStatus)
+	}
+}
+
+func deleteRequest(t *testing.T, url string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodDelete, url, nil)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("DELETE %s: %v", url, err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	return resp.StatusCode
+}
+
+func mustFormat(format string, args ...any) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
+}

e2e/management_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestHealth(t *testing.T) {
+	result := getJSON(t, apiURL("/health"))
+	if result["status"] != "ok" {
+		t.Errorf("expected ok, got %v", result["status"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	result := getJSON(t, apiURL("/"))
+	if result["name"] != "artifactapi" {
+		t.Errorf("expected artifactapi, got %v", result["name"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoteUpstreamTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{
+		"name": "timeout-test",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"stale_on_error": true,
+		"upstream_dial_timeout": 3,
+		"upstream_tls_timeout": 4,
+		"upstream_response_header_timeout": 5
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "timeout-test")
+
+	remote := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/timeout-test"))
+	for field, want := range map[string]float64{
+		"upstream_dial_timeout":            3,
+		"upstream_tls_timeout":             4,
+		"upstream_response_header_timeout": 5,
+	} {
+		if got, _ := remote[field].(float64); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%s: got %v, want %v", field, remote[field], want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoteCRUD(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{
+		"name": "test-generic",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"description": "test remote",
+		"mutable_ttl": 600,
+		"check_mutable": true,
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "test-generic")
+
+	remote := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/test-generic"))
+	if remote["name"] != "test-generic" {
+		t.Errorf("expected test-generic, got %v", remote["name"])
+	}
+	if remote["package_type"] != "generic" {
+		t.Errorf("expected generic, got %v", remote["package_type"])
+	}
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/test-generic"),
+		strings.NewReader(`{
+			"package_type": "generic",
+			"base_url": "https://updated.example.com",
+			"description": "updated",
+			"mutable_ttl": 300,
+			"check_mutable": true,
+			"stale_on_error": true
+		}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("update: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	updated := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/test-generic"))
+	if updated["base_url"] != "https://updated.example.com" {
+		t.Errorf("expected updated URL, got %v", updated["base_url"])
+	}
+
+	status := deleteRequest(t, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/test-generic"))
+	if status != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Errorf("delete: got %d, want 204", status)
+	}
+
+	assertStatus(t, apiURL("/api/v2/remotes/test-generic"), http.StatusNotFound)
+}
+
+func TestRemoteList(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{"name":"list-a","package_type":"generic","base_url":"https://a.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	createRemote(t, `{"name":"list-b","package_type":"helm","base_url":"https://b.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "list-a")
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "list-b")
+
+	resp, err := http.Get(apiURL("/api/v2/remotes"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+
+	var remotes []map[string]any
+	json.Unmarshal(body, &remotes)
+
+	if len(remotes) < 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected at least 2 remotes, got %d", len(remotes))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVirtualCRUD(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{"name":"virt-member-a","package_type":"helm","base_url":"https://a.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	createRemote(t, `{"name":"virt-member-b","package_type":"helm","base_url":"https://b.example.com","stale_on_error":true}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "virt-member-a")
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "virt-member-b")
+
+	resp, err := http.Post(apiURL("/api/v2/virtuals"), "application/json",
+		strings.NewReader(`{
+			"name": "test-virtual",
+			"package_type": "helm",
+			"description": "test virtual",
+			"members": ["virt-member-a", "virt-member-b"]
+		}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("create virtual: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	virt := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/virtuals/test-virtual"))
+	if virt["name"] != "test-virtual" {
+		t.Errorf("expected test-virtual, got %v", virt["name"])
+	}
+
+	status := deleteRequest(t, apiURL("/api/v2/virtuals/test-virtual"))
+	if status != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Errorf("delete virtual: got %d, want 204", status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStatsEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	result := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/stats"))
+	if _, ok := result["total_remotes"]; !ok {
+		t.Error("expected total_remotes in stats")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHealthV2(t *testing.T) {
+	result := getJSON(t, apiURL("/api/v2/health"))
+	if result["status"] != "ok" {
+		t.Errorf("expected ok, got %v", result["status"])
+	}
+	if result["postgres"] != "ok" {
+		t.Errorf("expected postgres ok, got %v", result["postgres"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInvalidPackageType(t *testing.T) {
+	resp, err := http.Post(apiURL("/api/v2/remotes"), "application/json",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"name":"bad","package_type":"bogus","base_url":"https://x.com"}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Errorf("expected 400 for invalid package type, got %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}

e2e/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestProxyUnknownRemote(t *testing.T) {
+	assertStatus(t, apiURL("/api/v1/remote/nonexistent/some/path"), http.StatusNotFound)
+}
+
+func TestProxyBlocklist(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{
+		"name": "blocklist-test",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"blocklist": ["\\.exe$"],
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "blocklist-test")
+
+	assertStatus(t, apiURL("/api/v1/remote/blocklist-test/malware.exe"), http.StatusForbidden)
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadBlocklist(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{
+		"name": "head-block-test",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"blocklist": ["\\.exe$"],
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "head-block-test")
+
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, apiURL("/v2/head-block-test/malware.exe"), nil)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD blocklisted path: got %d, want 403", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyHeadUnknownRemote(t *testing.T) {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, apiURL("/v2/nonexistent/some/path"), nil)
+	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("HEAD unknown remote: got %d, want 404", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProxyPatterns(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{
+		"name": "patterns-test",
+		"package_type": "generic",
+		"base_url": "https://example.com",
+		"patterns": ["^releases/"],
+		"stale_on_error": true
+	}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "patterns-test")
+
+	assertStatus(t, apiURL("/api/v1/remote/patterns-test/uploads/file.tar.gz"), http.StatusForbidden)
+}

e2e/scheme_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package e2e
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func getForwardedHTTPS(t *testing.T, url string) *http.Response {
+	t.Helper()
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-Proto", "https")
+	client := &http.Client{CheckRedirect: func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error { return http.ErrUseLastResponse }}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET %s: %v", url, err)
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func TestForwardedProtoCargoConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{"name": "scheme-cargo", "package_type": "cargo", "base_url": "https://index.crates.io"}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "scheme-cargo")
+
+	resp := getForwardedHTTPS(t, apiURL("/api/v1/remote/scheme-cargo/config.json"))
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	var cfg map[string]string
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if want := "https://" + strings.TrimPrefix(baseURL, "http://") + "/api/v1/remote/scheme-cargo/"; !strings.HasPrefix(cfg["dl"], want) {
+		t.Errorf("dl = %q, want prefix %q", cfg["dl"], want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestForwardedProtoVirtualRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	createRemote(t, `{"name": "scheme-rpm", "package_type": "rpm", "base_url": "https://rpm.example.com"}`)
+	defer deleteRemote(t, "scheme-rpm")
+	resp, err := http.Post(apiURL("/api/v2/virtuals"), "application/json",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"name": "scheme-virt", "package_type": "rpm", "members": ["scheme-rpm"]}`))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		t.Fatalf("create virtual: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	defer deleteRequest(t, apiURL("/api/v2/virtuals/scheme-virt"))
+
+	resp = getForwardedHTTPS(t, apiURL("/api/v1/virtual/scheme-virt/scheme-rpm/Packages/a.rpm"))
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	loc := resp.Header.Get("Location")
+	if want := "https://" + strings.TrimPrefix(baseURL, "http://") + "/api/v1/remote/scheme-rpm/Packages/a.rpm"; resp.StatusCode != http.StatusFound || loc != want {
+		t.Errorf("redirect = %d %q, want 302 %q", resp.StatusCode, loc, want)
+	}
+}